{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:24:28Z","timestamp":1778081068186,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1094837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1094837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HY-202200000000846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HY-202200000000846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007783","name":"Hanyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1094837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1094837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007783","name":"Hanyang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HY-202200000000846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HY-202200000000846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electroceuticals refer to various forms of electronic neurostimulators used for therapy. Interdisciplinary advances in medical engineering and science have led to the development of the electroceutical approach, which involves therapeutic agents that specifically target neural circuits, to realize precision therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). To date, extensive studies have attempted to elucidate the disease-modifying effects of electroceuticals on areas in the brain of a patient with AD by the use of various physical stimuli, including electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic waves as well as ultrasound. Herein, we review non-invasive stimulatory systems and their effects on \u03b2-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which are pathological molecular markers of AD. Therefore, this review will aid in better understanding the recent technological developments, applicable methods, and therapeutic effects of electronic stimulatory systems, including transcranial direct current stimulation, 40-Hz gamma oscillations, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromagnetic field stimulation, infrared light stimulation and ionizing radiation therapy, and focused ultrasound for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1672632429000},"page":"679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Disease-Modifying Effects of Non-Invasive Electroceuticals on \u03b2-Amyloid Plaques and Tau Tangles for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Junsoo","family":"Bok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juchan","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bum Ju","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1574-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongwoo","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.353484","article-title":"Targeting neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: From mechanisms to clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Si","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. 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