{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:59:43Z","timestamp":1792195183670,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Miniaturisation and simplification are novel approaches in clinical bioanalysis, especially in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). These contemporary trends are related to the sampling, pre-treatment, and analysis of biological fluids. Currently, dried blood spot (DBS), one of the most popular microsampling techniques, is feasible and inexpensive. However, obtaining reliable results with sample homogeneity and volume variability is difficult. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) has recently enabled the accurate and precise collection of a fixed blood volume. It reduced the hematocrit effect, improved volumetric accuracy, and generated results correlating with the dose and drug exposure from wet blood. This review focuses on VAMS-Mitra\u2122 devices, which have become increasingly important since 2014, mainly for TDM and toxicology studies. First, the current literature has been reviewed based on immunosuppressants and their determination in samples obtained using Mitra\u2122. Second, the critical points, weaknesses, and strengths have been characterized in contrast to classic venipuncture and other microsampling methods. Finally, we indicate the points of attention according to the perspective of Mitra\u2122 as well as its usefulness in clinical practice. VAMS is currently state-of-the-art in microsampling and seems to be a good instrument for improving adherence to immunosuppressive therapy, especially in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1672632429000},"page":"681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Drugs\u2014From Sampling and Analytical Issues to Clinical Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Kocur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-4312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Pawi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000269","article-title":"Assuring the Proper Analytical Performance of Measurement Procedures for Immunosuppressive Drug Concentrations in Clinical Practice: Recommendations of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Immunosuppressive Drug Scientific Committee","volume":"38","author":"Seger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther. 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