{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1791590889553,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["20K07553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K07553"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","award":["21H02755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H02755"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>FROUNT is an intracellular protein that promotes pseudopodia formation by binding to the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 on macrophages. Recently, disulfiram (DSF), a drug treatment for alcoholism, was found to have FROUNT inhibitory activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of DSF eye drops in a rat corneal alkali burn model. After alkali burn, 0.5% DSF eye drops (DSF group) and vehicle eye drops (Vehicle group) were administered twice daily. Immunohistochemical observations and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses were performed at 6 h and 1, 4, and 7 days after alkali burn. Results showed a significant decrease in macrophage accumulation in the cornea in the DSF group, but no difference in neutrophils. RT-PCR showed decreased expression of macrophage-associated cytokines in the DSF group. Corneal scarring and neovascularization were also suppressed in the DSF group. Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that macrophage length was significantly shorter in the DSF group, reflecting the reduced extension of pseudopodia. These results suggest that DSF inhibited macrophage infiltration by suppressing macrophage pseudopodia formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T04:17:38Z","timestamp":1672633058000},"page":"735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Disulfiram Ophthalmic Solution Inhibited Macrophage Infiltration by Suppressing Macrophage Pseudopodia Formation in a Rat Corneal Alkali Burn Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toyo","family":"Ikebukuro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1006-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Kasamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Tobita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3127-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Terashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etsuko","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4364-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.007724","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. 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