{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:16Z","timestamp":1787028496496,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/11042-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/11042-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis affects a significant proportion of women worldwide; however, no definitive cure for this disease has been discovered to date. Oxidative stress promotes endometriotic lesion maintenance in the peritoneal cavity in women. Furthermore, there is evidence of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and senescence involvement in the physiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage and are expected to trigger senescence in the endometrium while also causing alterations in MAPK signaling. However, the role of ROS in the senescence-associated phenotype in endometriosis remains unknown. In this context, this study attempted to delineate the pathways linking ROS to senescence in endometrial and endometriotic lesions of healthy individuals and those with endometriosis. Our results indicate a higher presence of ROS in endometriotic lesions, and the upregulation of MAPK. Furthermore, we show that endometriotic lesions in stromal cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide develop more senescence traits than eutopic and non-endometriosis endometrium. Overall, endometriotic cells respond differently to extracellular distress. Our contribution to further research in this field contributed to the roadmap of endometriosis\u2019 search for alternative treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:02:30Z","timestamp":1672808550000},"page":"914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Higher Oxidative Stress in Endometriotic Lesions Upregulates Senescence-Associated p16ink4a and \u03b2-Galactosidase in Stromal Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5504-6116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Malvezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3495-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna Azevedo","family":"Cestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2514-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Meola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Podgaec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00266-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress may be a piece in the endometriosis puzzle","volume":"79","author":"Skrzypczak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13593","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13593","article-title":"Oxidative stress-related effects on various aspects of endometriosis","volume":"88","author":"Ansariniya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu290","article-title":"Protein oxidative stress markers in peritoneal fluids of women with deep infiltrating endometriosis are increased","volume":"30","author":"Santulli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916212","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/916212","article-title":"Power of proteomics in linking oxidative stress and female infertility","volume":"2014","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donnez, J., Binda, M.M., Donnez, O., and Dolmans, M.M. (2016). Oxidative Stress in the Pelvic Cavity and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of ENDOMETRIOSIS, Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1075"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3823","article-title":"Cellular senescence: From physiology to pathology","volume":"15","author":"Serrano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"CD012165","article-title":"Endometrial biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis","volume":"2016","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.2015.1015994","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of peritoneal fluid biomarkers of endometriosis","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00231.x","article-title":"Possible pathophysiological roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in endometriosis","volume":"52","author":"Yoshino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv060","article-title":"Kinase signalling pathways in endometriosis: Potential targets for non-hormonal therapeutics","volume":"22","author":"McKinnon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14710","article-title":"The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in endometriosis","volume":"47","author":"Bora","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4691-y","article-title":"Depleted lamin B1: A possible marker of the involvement of senescence in endometriosis?","volume":"297","author":"Malvezzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malvezzi, H., Dobo, C., Filippi, R.Z., Mendes Do Nascimento, H., Palmieri da Silva e Sousa, L., Meola, J., Piccinato, C.A., and Podgaec, S. (2022). Altered p16Ink4a, IL-1\u03b2, and Lamin b1 Protein Expression Suggest Cellular Senescence in Deep Endometriotic Lesions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052476"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21431-w","article-title":"Colocalization of senescent biomarkers in deep, superficial, and ovarian endometriotic lesions: A pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Palmieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der010","article-title":"Abnormal activation of Ras\/Raf\/MAPK and RhoA\/ROCKII signalling pathways in eutopic endometrial stromal cells of patients with endometriosis","volume":"26","author":"Yotova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev108","article-title":"Co-operation between the AKT and ERK signaling pathways may support growth of deep endometriosis in a fibrotic microenvironment in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117725828","article-title":"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis by Modulating Inflammation, but not Cell Survival","volume":"25","author":"Cakmak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"431","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) enhances survival and invasiveness of endometrial stromal cells via the activation of JNK signaling pathway","volume":"6","author":"Mei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deryabin, P.I., Ivanova, J.S., and Borodkina, A.V. (2021). Senescence of stromal cells contributes to endometrium dysfunction and embryo implantation failure. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.19.452880"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa044","article-title":"Contribution of senescence in human endometrial stromal cells during proliferative phase to embryo receptivity","volume":"103","author":"Tomari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nir, D., Ribarski-Chorev, I., Shimoni, C., Strauss, C., Frank, J., and Schlesinger, S. (2022). Antioxidants Attenuate Heat Shock Induced Premature Senescence of Bovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105750"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.02.019","article-title":"Asymmetrical dimethylarginine promotes the senescence of human skin fibroblasts via the activation of a reactive oxygen species-p38 MAPK-microRNA-138 pathway","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7966","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30468","article-title":"Oxidative stress in oocyte aging and female reproduction","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101431","article-title":"Excessive oxidative stress in cumulus granulosa cells induced cell senescence contributes to endometriosis-associated infertility","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"60","article-title":"Oxygen free radicals and pulmonary disease","volume":"31","author":"Souza","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bras. Pneumol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00003-2","article-title":"Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress","volume":"329","author":"Rossi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-52731999000300001","article-title":"Peroxida\u00e7\u00e3o lip\u00eddica em pacientes com insufici\u00eancia renal cr\u00f4nica","volume":"12","author":"Mafra","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599117","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.599117","article-title":"Immunological Basis of the Endometriosis: The complement system as a potential therapeutic target","volume":"11","author":"Agostinis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez, S., Svahn, S.L., and Johansson, M.E. (2019). Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on immune cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205028"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-012-9459-7","article-title":"Altered cellular membrane fluidity levels and lipid peroxidation during experimental pancreas transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Albendea","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bioenerg. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2012.12.014","article-title":"Role for membrane remodeling in cell death: Implication for health and disease","volume":"304","author":"Tekpli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.12.013","article-title":"Melatonin reduces membrane rigidity and oxidative damage in the brain of SAMP 8 mice","volume":"32","author":"Venegas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S275595","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: Drivers of physiological and pathological processes","volume":"13","author":"Checa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.016","article-title":"Decreased expression of IDH1 by chronic unpredictable stress suppresses proliferation and accelerates senescence of granulosa cells through ROS activated MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"169","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7265238","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7265238","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature","volume":"2017","author":"Scutiero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000076691","article-title":"Indices of oxidative stress in eutopic and ectopic endometria of women with endometriosis","volume":"57","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Investig."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.034","article-title":"17\u03b2-Estradiol and steady-state concentrations of H2O 2: Antiapoptotic effect in endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis","volume":"60","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080804","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species controls endometriosis progression","volume":"175","author":"Nicco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.08.068","article-title":"Oxidative stress status in normal ovarian cortex surrounding ovarian endometriosis","volume":"93","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.027","article-title":"Mitochondria and oxidative stress in ovarian endometriosis","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03667-9","article-title":"ROS and diseases: Role in metabolism and energy supply","volume":"467","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2021.08.018","article-title":"Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function","volume":"81","author":"Lennicke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24168","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.104105","article-title":"Oxidative stress mediates age-related hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum by inducing inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis through activating Akt and MAPK pathways","volume":"12","author":"Chuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00183-3","article-title":"Regulation of senescence traits by MAPKs","volume":"42","author":"Anerillas","year":"2020","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2756","article-title":"Protein kinase inhibitors can control the progression of endometriosis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"222","author":"Nicco","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Chern, B.S.M., Barton-Smith, P., Phoon, J.W.L., Tan, T.Y., Viardot-Foucault, V., Ku, C.W., Tan, H.H., Chan, J.K.Y., and Lee, Y.H. (2020). Peritoneal fluid cytokines reveal new insights of endometriosis subphenotypes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103515"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex024","article-title":"Genome-wide genetic analyses highlight mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"32","author":"Uimari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1134\/S1990519X16050023","article-title":"The role of p38 MAP-kinase in stress-induced senescence of human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Borodkina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100673","article-title":"Interaction between ROS dependent DNA damage, mitochondria and p38 MAPK underlies senescence of human adult stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Borodkina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2741\/4889","article-title":"Signaling pathways and effectors of aging","volume":"26","author":"Tabibzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e4mmerhirt, L., Kappelmann-fenzl, M., Fischer, S., Pommer, M., Zimmermann, T., Kluge, V., Matthies, A., Kuphal, S., and Bosserhoff, A.K. (2022). Knockdown of Lamin B1 and the corresponding lamin B receptor leads to changes in heterochromatin state and senescence induction in malignant melanoma. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11142154"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2018.02.001","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence","volume":"28","author":"Nehme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.07366.x","article-title":"ERK and cell death: Mechanisms of ERK-induced cell death\u2014Apoptosis, autophagy and senescence","volume":"277","author":"Cagnol","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Journal"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2019.030501","article-title":"Hallmarks of senescence and aging","volume":"29","author":"Dodig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474931","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/474931","article-title":"Sublethal oxidative stress induces the premature senescence of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from endometrium","volume":"2013","author":"Burova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.05.031","article-title":"Endometrial receptivity in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis: It is affected, and let me show you why","volume":"108","author":"Lessey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, A., Aziz, N., and Rizk, B. (2013). Oxidative Stress Endometrium. Stud. Women\u2019s Health, 1\u2013363.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-041-0"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57207-y","article-title":"Transcriptome meta-analysis reveals differences of immune profile between eutopic endometrium from stage I-II and III-IV endometriosis independently of hormonal milieu","volume":"10","author":"Meola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.9.1797","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species stimulate prostaglandin F2\u03b1 production in human endometrial stromal cells in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Sugino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1029","article-title":"ROS are critical for endometrial breakdown via NF-\u03baB-COX-2 signaling in a female mouse menstrual-like model","volume":"155","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2795090","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2795090","article-title":"The Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophage Polarization: Reflecting Its Dual Role in Progression and Treatment of Human Diseases","volume":"2016","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"160","article-title":"Endometrial DNA damage response is modulated in endometriosis","volume":"36","author":"Bane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00772","article-title":"Association Between Impairment of DNA Double Strand Break Repair and Decreased Ovarian Reserve in Patients With Endometriosis","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den416","article-title":"Sustained replication in endometrium of women with endometriosis occurs without evoking a DNA damage response","volume":"24","author":"Hapangama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"641","article-title":"Classification and nomenclature of menstrual alterations","volume":"75","author":"Enciso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ginecol Obs. Mex"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000085686","article-title":"Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species","volume":"149","author":"Galli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contrib. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"345","article-title":"A simple automated procedure for thiol measurement in human serum samples","volume":"42","author":"Lima","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1021\/tx970180z","article-title":"Reactions of 1-methyl-2-phenylindole with malondialdehyde and 4- hydroxyalkenals. Analytical applications to a colorimetric assay of lipid peroxidation","volume":"11","author":"Erdelmeier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86141-H","article-title":"Determination of Carbonyl Content in Oxidatively Modified Proteins","volume":"Volume 186","author":"Levine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623311419163","article-title":"The Use of Immunohistochemistry for Biomarker Assessment\u2014CanIt Compete with Other Technologies?","volume":"39","author":"Dunstan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020429","article-title":"Mifepristone-induced vaginal bleeding is associated with increased immunostaining for cyclooxygenase-2 and decrease in prostaglandin dehydrogenase in luteal phase endometrium","volume":"87","author":"Hapangama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ogx.0000334739.09119.28","article-title":"Endometriosis is associated with aberrant endometrial expression of telomerase and increased telomere length","volume":"63","author":"Hapangama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Surv."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.4.407","article-title":"Progesterone receptor subtype B is differentially regulated in human endometrial stroma","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(94)33044-1","article-title":"Measurement of protein thiol groups and glutathione in plasma","volume":"233","author":"Hu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.12.025","article-title":"Effects of steroid hormone on estrogen sulfotransferase and on steroid sulfatase expression in endometriosis tissue and stromal cells","volume":"158","author":"Piccinato","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Morettin, P.A., and Bussab, W.d.O. (2010). Estat\u00edstica B\u00e1sica, Saraiva. [6th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Ration, B. (2016). Extending the Linear Model with R: Generalized Linear, Mixed Effects and Nonparametric Regression Models, CRC Press."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/2\/914\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:58:16Z","timestamp":1760119096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/2\/914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24020914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24020914","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]}}}