{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:04:49Z","timestamp":1791461089631,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a precursor for several cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency links to cardiometabolic diseases through microbiota. A combination of poor vitamin D status and dysbiosis may contribute to the progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, in this review, we present the relationship among vitamin D, microbiota, and cardiometabolic diseases with a focus on MetSyn. We searched major databases for reports on vitamin D, microbiota, and MetSyn until June 2022. We reviewed 13 reports on the relation between vitamin D and MetSyn (6 randomized controlled and 7 cross-sectional studies) and 6 reports on the effect of vitamin D on the gut microbiome. Adequate vitamin D status has a beneficial effect on gut microbiota, therefore preventing the progression of MetSyn. Further, well-controlled studies are needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action involving vitamin D and microbiota in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:02:30Z","timestamp":1672808550000},"page":"940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vitamin D, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiometabolic Diseases\u2014A Possible Three-Way Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6378-9211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayah","family":"Sukik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joud","family":"Alalwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Ganji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12226","article-title":"Recommended dietary intakes for vitamin D: Where do they come from, what do they achieve and how can we meet them?","volume":"27","author":"Cashman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2019.04.007","article-title":"Vitamin D and health\u2014The missing vitamin in humans","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Del Valle, H.B., Yaktine, A.L., Taylor, C.L., and Ross, A.C. (2011). 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