{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T02:13:29Z","timestamp":1791684809861,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Blankenheimer Dorf e.V. (Blankenheim, Germany)"},{"name":"Dr. Kleist Foundation (Berlin, Germany)"},{"name":"Foundation David (Cologne, Germany)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ruthenium(II) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have recently attracted attention as novel chemotherapeutic agents. The complex HB324 was intensively studied as an apoptosis-inducing compound in resistant cell lines. HB324 induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways. Of particular interest is the upregulation of the Harakiri resistance protein, which inhibits the anti-apoptotic and death repressor proteins Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and BCL-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large). Moreover, HB324 showed synergistic activity with various established anticancer drugs and overcame resistance in several cell lines, such as neuroblastoma cells. In conclusion, HB324 showed promising potential as a novel anticancer agent in vitro, suggesting further investigations on this and other preclinical ruthenium drug candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T05:31:44Z","timestamp":1672810304000},"page":"952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ruthenium Complex HB324 Induces Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Pathway with an Upregulation of Harakiri and Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance in Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2832-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola L.","family":"Wilke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology\/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Stra\u00dfe 393\u2013397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany"},{"name":"Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Stra\u00dfe 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilke","family":"Burmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corazon","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology\/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Stra\u00dfe 393\u2013397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany"},{"name":"Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Stra\u00dfe 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Prokop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology\/Hematology, Helios Clinics Schwerin, Wismarsche Stra\u00dfe 393\u2013397, 19049 Schwerin, Germany"},{"name":"Medical School Hamburg (MSH), University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology\/Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital Cologne, Amsterdamer Stra\u00dfe 59, 50735 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-015-0221-1","article-title":"Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: Failure in Drug Response from ADME to P-Gp","volume":"15","author":"Alfarouk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2006.09.006","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance and Toxicity Associated with Platinating Agents","volume":"33","author":"Rabik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. 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