{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T21:19:52Z","timestamp":1788556792911,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013003","name":"University of Cagliari","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIR 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIR 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are autoimmune liver diseases characterized by chronic hepatic inflammation and progressive liver fibrosis. The possible use of saliva as a diagnostic tool has been explored in several oral and systemic diseases. The use of proteomics for personalized medicine is a rapidly emerging field. (2) Salivary proteomic data of 36 healthy controls (HCs), 36 AIH and 36 PBC patients, obtained by liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry top-down pipeline, were analyzed by multiple Mann\u2014Whitney test, Kendall correlation, Random Forest (RF) analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA); (3) Mann\u2014Whitney tests provided indications on the panel of differentially expressed salivary proteins and peptides, namely cystatin A, statherin, histatin 3, histatin 5 and histatin 6, which were elevated in AIH patients with respect to both HCs and PBC patients, while S100A12, S100A9 short, cystatin S1, S2, SN and C showed varied levels in PBC with respect to HCs and\/or AIH patients. RF analysis evidenced a panel of salivary proteins\/peptides able to classify with good accuracy PBC vs. HCs (83.3%), AIH vs. HCs (79.9%) and PBC vs. AIH (80.2%); (4) RF appears to be an attractive machine-learning tool suited for classification of AIH and PBC based on their different salivary proteomic profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24020959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1672814024000},"page":"959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Top-Down Proteomics Detection of Potential Salivary Biomarkers for Autoimmune Liver Diseases Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Olianas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0448-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Guadalupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Cabras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0903-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Contini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Serrao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Iavarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Castagnola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1436-6105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Messana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche \u201cGiulio Natta\u201d, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Onali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9474-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luchino","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2880-9915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Manconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell\u2019Ambiente, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30205","article-title":"Flare of Autoimmune Hepatitis Causing Acute on Chronic Liver Failure: Diagnosis and Response to Corticosteroid Therapy","volume":"70","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62163-1","article-title":"Autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"382","author":"Heneghan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23584","article-title":"American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. 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