{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:51:05Z","timestamp":1782543065269,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Elevated liver enzyme activity may be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, it is not included in the MetS definition for children. Postprandial changes in the levels of biochemistry tests are related to manifestations of metabolic abnormalities. We assessed the association between fasting and postprandial liver enzymes levels with MetS and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in children aged 9\u201311. The study included 51 girls and 48 boys, all presumably healthy. In all participants\u2019 anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile and HbA1c were measured. Enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were assayed in fasting and postprandial states. Individuals were divided into subgroups: with (MetS(+): n = 26); without MetS (MetS(\u2212): n = 73); with HbA1c levels \u2264 5.3% (n = 39); and \u22655.7% (n = 11). Elevated fasting GGT levels were found in 23% of MetS(+) children and rarely in MetS(\u2212) children; increased postprandial GGT was noted in 35% of MetS(+) individuals. Postprandial GGT changes tend to predict MetS (OR = 1.16; p = 0.092). Increased fasting ALT was found rarely in MetS(+) children, but did not occur in MetS(\u2212) children. HbA1c \u2265 5.7% occurred rarely and neither fasting ALT nor GGT were related to elevated HbA1c. However, postprandial change of ALT was a good positive predictor of increased HbA1c (OR = 1.33; p = 0.021). Postprandial GGT performs better as an indicator of metabolic syndrome occurrence, and instead postprandial ALT may predict prediabetes in prepubertal children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T01:48:19Z","timestamp":1672969699000},"page":"1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between Fasting and Postprandial Levels of Liver Enzymes with Metabolic Syndrome and Suspected Prediabetes in Prepubertal Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-0325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-2236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Stefanska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Krintus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Szternel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Panteghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1350-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazyna","family":"Sypniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Boer, M. 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