{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:52:45Z","timestamp":1787500365610,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-33"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-76"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["32260849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260849"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["2019-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-33"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["2016-76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-76"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province","award":["2019-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-26"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project of Guizhou Province","award":["32260849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260849"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project of Guizhou Province","award":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project of Guizhou Province","award":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project of Guizhou Province","award":["2019-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-33"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project of Guizhou Province","award":["2016-76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-76"]}]},{"name":"Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Project of Guizhou Province","award":["2019-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-26"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Project of Guizhou University","award":["32260849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260849"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Project of Guizhou University","award":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Project of Guizhou University","award":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Project of Guizhou University","award":["2019-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-33"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Project of Guizhou University","award":["2016-76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-76"]}]},{"name":"Cultivating Project of Guizhou University","award":["2019-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-26"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund of Guizhou University","award":["32260849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260849"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund of Guizhou University","award":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qiankehe foundation-ZK [2021] General 164"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund of Guizhou University","award":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qianjiaohe KY [2022]150"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund of Guizhou University","award":["2019-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-33"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund of Guizhou University","award":["2016-76"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-76"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund of Guizhou University","award":["2019-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-26"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study is to observe the effect of high selenium on the antioxidant and immune functions of growing goats based on transcriptome sequencing. Eighteen goats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the control (CON) group was fed a basal diet, and (2) the treatment 1 group (LS) and treatment 2 group (HS) were fed a basal diet with 2.4 and 4.8 mg\/kg selenium-yeast (SY), respectively. The results indicate that HS treatment significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased the apparent digestibility of either extract and significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) total antioxidant capacity, whereas it significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased plasma aspartate aminotransferase and malondialdehyde relative to the control group. The LS treatment had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased glutathione S-transferase and catalase compared to CON. A total of 532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CON and HS were obtained using transcriptome sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis identified upregulated (p &lt; 0.05) DEGs mainly related to vascular smooth muscle contraction, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, the VEGF signalling pathway, and proteoglycans in cancer; downregulated (p &lt; 0.05) DEGs mainly related to the NOD-like receptor signalling pathway, influenza A, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, haematopoietic cell lineage, and African trypanosomiasis. Ontology analyses of the top genes show that the identified DEGs are mainly involved in the regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production for biological processes, the external side of the plasma membrane for cellular components, and carbohydrate derivative binding for molecular functions. Seven genes are considered potential candidate genes for regulating antioxidant activity, including selenoprotein W, 1, glutathione peroxidase 1, glutathione S-transferase A1, tumour necrosis factor, tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 10, tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 8, and tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 13b. The experimental observations indicate that dietary supplementation with 4.8 mg\/kg SY can enhance antioxidant and immune functions by improving muscle immunity, reducing the concentrations of inflammatory molecules, and modulating antioxidant and inflammatory signalling pathways in growing goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T01:36:17Z","timestamp":1673228177000},"page":"1124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Differentially Expressed Genes and Signalling Pathways Regulated by High Selenium Involved in Antioxidant and Immune Functions of Goats Based on Transcriptome Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Yuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Xiao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Qing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing-Zhou","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) supplementation on oxidative stress in ruminants","volume":"79","author":"Mazur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattioli, G.A., Rosa, D.E., Turic, E., Picco, S.J., Raggio, S.J., Minervino, A.H.H., and Fazzio, L.E. (2020). Effects of parenteral supplementation with minerals and vitamins on oxidative stress and humoral immune response of weaning calves. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10081298"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1998.36055","article-title":"A review of selenium deficiency in grazing ruminants. part 1: New roles for selenium in ruminant metabolism","volume":"46","author":"Wichtel","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1351\/pac200678010105","article-title":"Selenium yeast: Composition, quality, analysis, and safety","volume":"78","author":"Schrauzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-08294-2","article-title":"Effect of supra-nutritional selenium-enriched probiotics on hematobiochemical, hormonal, and Doppler hemodynamic changes in male goats","volume":"27","author":"Mandour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-016-0794-0","article-title":"Effects of different dietary selenium sources on antioxidant status and blood phagocytic activity in sheep","volume":"175","author":"Faix","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2021.104783","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of selenium yeast on growth performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of Tan sheep","volume":"255","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-773","article-title":"Tolerance of ruminant animals to high dose in-feed administration of a selenium-enriched yeast","volume":"86","author":"Juniper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2004.06.001","article-title":"Tolerance of inorganic selenium in wether sheep","volume":"56","author":"Cristaldi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200700330","article-title":"The influence of selenium on immune responses","volume":"52","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-009-9335-z","article-title":"Designing and evaluation of sodium selenite nanoparticles in vitro to improve selenium absorption in ruminants","volume":"34","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2000.00218812007700ES0013x","article-title":"Designing mineral supplementation of forage programs for beef cattle","volume":"77","author":"Greene","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2934","article-title":"RNA sequencing: Advances, challenges and opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Ozsolak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.05.030","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with metformin improves testis function and semen quality and increases antioxidants and autophagy capacity in goats","volume":"188","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598691","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.598691","article-title":"Changes of intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and gene expression in neonatal diarrhoea kids","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.02.004","article-title":"Effects of organic selenium (Se-enriched yeast) supplementation in gestation diet on antioxidant status, hormone profile and haemato-biochemical parameters in Taihang black goats","volume":"238","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Mc Dowell, L.R., Davis, P.A., Cristaldi, L.A., Wilkinson, N.S., Buergelt, C.D., and Van Alstyne, R. (2005, January 1\u20132). Selenium toxicity for ruminants\u2013Paranoia or precaution?. Proceedings of the Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium Proceedings, Gainesville, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/109283\/2019","article-title":"Effect of dietary organic selenium (Se) on immune response, hepatic antioxidant status, selenoprotein gene expression and meat oxidative stability in lambs","volume":"28","author":"Suganthi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813672","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.813672","article-title":"Effect of supplementation with selenium-yeast on muscle antioxidant activity, meat quality, fatty acids and amino acids in goats","volume":"8","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, X., Wang, X., Li, J., Luo, Q., Ban, C., and Lu, Q. (2022). The effects of selenium on rumen fermentation parameters and microbial metagenome in goats. Fermentation, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation8050240"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02480-6","article-title":"Revisiting the effects of different dietary sources of selenium on the health and performance of dairy animals: A review","volume":"199","author":"Arshad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663945","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.663945","article-title":"Selenium yeast dietary supplement affects rumen bacterial population dynamics and fermentation parameters of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) in Alpine meadow","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.05.027","article-title":"Effects of trace element supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility and utilisation in grass-fed zebu (Bos indicus) cattle","volume":"155","author":"Dermauw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.10.001","article-title":"Effect of different levels of selenium yeast on the antioxidant status, nutrient digestibility, selenium balances and nitrogen metabolism of Tibetan sheep in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","volume":"180","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Impact of organic selenium and vitamin E on rumen fermentation, milk production, feed digestibility, blood parameters and parasitic response of lactating goats","volume":"21","author":"Morsy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, P., Li, K., Zou, C., Tong, C., Sun, L., Cao, Z., Yang, S., and Lyu, Q. (2020). Selenium yeast alleviates ochratoxin A-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of the PI3K\/AKT and Nrf2\/Keap1 signaling pathways in chickens. Toxins, 12.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4048706"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)32099-X","article-title":"The importance of redox state in liver damage","volume":"3","author":"Cesaratto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1071\/AN14503","article-title":"The nexus between nutrient metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in transition cows","volume":"54","author":"Sordillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90167-1","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: Which role for oxidative stress?","volume":"44","author":"Giugliano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, X., Li, J., Luo, Q., Wang, X., Wang, T., Zhou, D., Xie, L., Ban, C., and Lu, Q. (2022). Effects of purple corn anthocyanin on growth performance, meat quality, muscle antioxidant status, and fatty acid profiles in goats. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11091255"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125546","article-title":"Effect of sub-chronic exposure to selenium and astaxanthin on Channa argus: Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and inflammatory response","volume":"244","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehdi, Y., and Dufrasne, I. (2016). Selenium in cattle: A review. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21040545"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Khan, M.Z., Ma, Y., Alugongo, G.M., Ma, J., Chen, T., Khan, A., and Cao, Z. (2021). The antioxidant properties of selenium and vitamin E; their role in periparturient dairy cattle health regulation. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101555"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1695","article-title":"Effects of selenium, copper and magnesium on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in bovine fluorosis. Asian-Australas","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-007-0116-2","article-title":"Vitamin E and selenium supplementation reduces plasma cortisol and oxidative stress in Dystocia-affected buffaloes","volume":"31","author":"Sathya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(87)80194-9","article-title":"Selenium and immune responses","volume":"42","author":"Stotzky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0560-8","article-title":"Rumen microorganisms decrease bioavailability of inorganic selenium supplements","volume":"171","author":"Galbraith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"35","article-title":"The effects of three herbs as feed supplements on blood metabolites, hormones, antioxidant activity, IgG concentration, and ruminal fermentation in Holstein steers. Asian-Australas","volume":"19","author":"Hosoda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.11.005","article-title":"Effect of sodium selenite, Se-yeast and nano-elemental selenium on growth performance, Se concentration and antioxidant status in growing male goats","volume":"96","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pjz\/20200519140534","article-title":"Effects of selenium supplementation on hematological profile, gut microflora composition, in vitro biofilm formation assay and serum IgG concentration in goats","volume":"54","author":"Arain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.037","article-title":"Mechanisms of NOD-like receptor-associated inflammasome activation","volume":"39","author":"Wen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01518","article-title":"Isoliquiritigenin activates nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 to suppress the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and inhibits the NF-\u03baB pathway in macrophages and in acute lung injury","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154045","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/154045","article-title":"Selenium-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and immunity in periparturient dairy cattle","volume":"2013","author":"Sordillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Yuan, L., Cui, X., Xu, W., Fang, S., Li, Z., Lu, M., Wu, Y., Ma, X., and Chi, X. (2020). Ginseng stem-leaf saponins in combination with selenium promote the immune response in neonatal mice with maternal antibody. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040755"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.17221\/1576-VETMED","article-title":"The effect of inorganic and organically bound forms of selenium on glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood of goats","volume":"56","author":"Pavlata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200890037","article-title":"Synthesis of selenocysteine and selenomethionine derivatives from sulfur-containing amino acids","volume":"5","author":"Iwaoka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041251","article-title":"The use of high-selenium yeast to raise selenium status: How does it measure up?","volume":"92","author":"Rayman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brit. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2292-8","article-title":"The protective effects of selenium supplementation on ambient PM2.5-induced cardiovascular injury in rats","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(75)84752-7","article-title":"Selenium in ruminant nutrition: A review","volume":"58","author":"Ammerman","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surai, P.F., Kochish, I.I., Fisinin, V.I., and Juniper, D.T. (2019). Revisiting oxidative stress and the use of organic selenium in dairy cow nutrition. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9070462"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.12.015","article-title":"Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows","volume":"176","author":"Spears","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"98","article-title":"Application of selenium nanoparticles diets in ruminants","volume":"52","author":"Turhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniv. Ziraat Fak\u00fcltesi Derg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2287","article-title":"TNF-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"214","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosnedlova, B., Kepinska, M., Skalickova, S., Fernandez, C., Ruttkay-Nedecky, B., Malevu, T.D., Sochor, J., Baron, M., Melcova, M., and Zidkova, J. (2017). A summary of new findings on the biological effects of selenium in selected animal species\u2014A critical review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102209"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.65.5.658","article-title":"Increased neutrophil adherence and adhesion molecule mRNA expression in endothelial cells during selenium deficiency","volume":"65","author":"Maddox","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8047","article-title":"Dietary antioxidants at supranutritional doses modulate skeletal muscle heat shock protein and inflammatory gene expression in sheep exposed to heat stress","volume":"92","author":"Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.02.011","article-title":"High dietary vitamin E and selenium improves feed intake and weight gain of finisher lambs and maintains redox homeostasis under hot conditions","volume":"137","author":"Chauhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"National Research Council (1981). Nutrient Requirements of Goats: Angora, Dairy, and Meat Goats in Temperate and Tropical Countries, The National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC. [18th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715710","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.715710","article-title":"Effects of purple corn anthocyanin on blood biochemical indexes, ruminal fluid fermentation, and rumen microbiota in goats","volume":"8","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/2\/1124\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:01:21Z","timestamp":1760119281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/2\/1124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24021124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021124","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}}}