{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:39:31Z","timestamp":1782794371775,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Innovation Project of Gansu Provincial Colleges and Universities","award":["2021A-060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A-060"]}]},{"name":"Basic Innovation Project of Gansu Provincial Colleges and Universities","award":["32160858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160858"]}]},{"name":"Basic Innovation Project of Gansu Provincial Colleges and Universities","award":["GSSYLXM-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSSYLXM-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A-060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A-060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32160858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GSSYLXM-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSSYLXM-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Education Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Province","award":["2021A-060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A-060"]}]},{"name":"Education Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Province","award":["32160858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160858"]}]},{"name":"Education Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Province","award":["GSSYLXM-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSSYLXM-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The demand for economic benefits has led to an increase in the proportion of high-concentrate (HC) feed in the ruminant diet, resulting in an increased incidence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). During SARA, a high concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocated in the rumen induces a systemic inflammatory response. Inflammatory diseases, such as endometritis and mastitis, are often associated with SARA; however, in sheep, the mechanism of the effect of SARA on the endometrium has rarely been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the influence of LPS translocation on endometrial tight junctions (TJs) during SARA in sheep. The results showed that LPS and TNF\u03b1 levels in the ruminal fluid, serum, and endometrial tissue supernatant during SARA increased, transcription levels of TLR4, NF\u03baB, and TNF\u03b1 in the endometrium increased, the protein expression level of claudin-1 in the endometrium increased, and the protein expression level of occludin decreased. 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2) inhibits claudin-1 protein expression and promotes occludin expression, and progesterone (P4) promotes claudin-1 protein expression and inhibits occludin protein expression. E2 and P4 regulate claudin-1 and occludin protein expression through their receptor pathways. Here, we found that LPS hindered the regulatory effect of E2 and P4 on endometrial TJs by inhibiting their receptor expression. The results of this study indicate that HC feeding can cause SARA-induced LPS translocation in sheep, increase susceptibility to systemic inflammation, induce the endometrial inflammatory response, and cause endometrial epithelial TJ damage directly and\/or by obstructing E2 and P4 function. LPS translocation caused by SARA has also been suggested to induce an endometrial inflammatory response, resulting in endometrial epithelial barrier damage and physiological dysfunction, which seriously affects ruminant production. Therefore, this study provides new evidence that SARA is a potential factor that induces systemic inflammation in ruminants. It provides theoretical support for research on the prevention of endometritis in ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1673230179000},"page":"1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Subacute Ruminal Acidosis as a Potential Factor that Induces Endometrium Injury in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9185-5543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianlin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianshu","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2522-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China"},{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.344","article-title":"Tight junction-based epithelial microenvironment and cell proliferation","volume":"27","author":"Tsukita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.11.040","article-title":"Megaintestine in Claudin-15\u2013Deficient Mice","volume":"134","author":"Tamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/35067088","article-title":"Multifunctional strands in tight junctions","volume":"2","author":"Tsukita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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