{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T20:27:40Z","timestamp":1788121660283,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02001733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02001733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022M3E5F1017553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022M3E5F1017553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22213MFDS421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22213MFDS421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02001733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02001733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022M3E5F1017553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022M3E5F1017553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22213MFDS421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22213MFDS421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02001733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A2B5B02001733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022M3E5F1017553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022M3E5F1017553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22213MFDS421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22213MFDS421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In anticancer therapy, combination therapy has been suggested as an alternative to the insufficient therapeutic efficacy of single therapy. Among combination therapies, combination chemo- and photodynamic therapy are actively investigated. However, photodynamic therapy shows a limitation in the penetration depth of the laser. Therefore, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), using ultrasound instead of a laser as a trigger, is an upcoming strategy for deep tumors. Additionally, free drugs are easily degraded by enzymes, have difficulty in reaching the target site, and show side effects after systemic administration; therefore, the development of drug delivery systems is desirable for sufficient drug efficacy for combination therapy. However, nanocarriers, such as microbubbles, and albumin nanoparticles, are unstable in the body and show low drug-loading efficiency. Here, we propose polylactide (PLA)-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymersomes (PLs) with a high drug loading rate of doxorubicin (DOX) and verteporfin (VP) for effective combination therapy in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity test results of VP-DOX-PLs were higher than that of single therapy. Moreover, in vivo biodistribution showed the accumulation of the VP-DOX-PLs in tumor regions. Therefore, VP-DOX-PLs showed more effective anticancer efficacy than either single therapy in vivo. These results suggest that the combination therapy of SDT and chemotherapy could show novel anticancer effects using VP-DOX-PLs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T02:09:39Z","timestamp":1673230179000},"page":"1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of a Polymersome-Based Nanomedicine for Chemotherapeutic and Sonodynamic Combination Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mingyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongho","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyounkoo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonock","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungwon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Center, IMGT Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13605, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuncheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12523","article-title":"Cancer incidence increasing globally: The role of relaxed natural selection","volume":"11","author":"You","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evol. 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