{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1768560599670,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of Cannabis sativa strains with high cannabidiol (CBD) and low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content is a growing field of research, both for medical and recreational use. However, the mechanisms behind clinical actions of cannabinoids are still under investigation, although there is growing evidence that mitochondria play an important role in many of them. Numerous studies have described that cannabinoids modulate mitochondrial activity both through activation of mitochondrial cannabinoid receptors and through direct action on other proteins such as mitochondrial complexes involved in cellular respiration. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the actions of a panel of extracts, isolated from high-CBD varieties of Cannabis sativa, on the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), in order to select those with a safer profile. After demonstrating that Cannabis sativa strains could be identified by cannabinoids content, concentration\u2013response curves were performed with a collection of extracts from strains with high-CBD and low-THC content using bovine CCO. The CCO rate was clearly modified by specific extracts of Cannabis sativa plants compared to others. Half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of extracts and the inhibitory effects evoked at 1 \u00d7 10\u22124 g\/mL displayed a significant correlation with the THC. Therefore, the screening of extracts based on CCO activity provides a powerful and rapid methodology to identify those plants with higher mitochondrial toxicity or even mito-protective actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T01:30:47Z","timestamp":1673314247000},"page":"1315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Screening System of Cannabis\u00a0sativa Extracts Based on Their Mitochondrial Safety Profile Using Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity as a Biomarker"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Noskova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda de Cantabria, IBBTEC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cent\u00edficas (CSIC), University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eneko","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, AleoVitro, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celtia","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-4931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Adell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnolog\u00eda de Cantabria, IBBTEC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cent\u00edficas (CSIC), University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Laso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, AleoVitro, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8729-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fe","family":"Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5124-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azucena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Coloma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egoitz","family":"Astigarraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Barreda-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2020.110571","article-title":"Comprehending and improving cannabis specialized metabolism in the systems biology era","volume":"298","author":"Romero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114270","article-title":"Discriminating different Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes using attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy: A proof of concept","volume":"204","author":"Cirrincione","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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