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In this study, we address the question of whether these LBs contain sufficient viable and functional chondrocytes that could serve as a source for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and how the required prolonged in vitro expansion affects their phenotype. Chondrocytes were isolated from LBs of 18 patients and compared with control chondrocyte from non-weight-bearing joint regions (n = 7) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs, n = 6) obtained during primary arthroplasty. No significant differences in the initial cell yield per isolation and the expression of the chondrocyte progenitor cell markers CD44 + \/CD146+ were found between chondrocyte populations from LBs (LB-CH) and control patients (Ctrl-CH). During long-term expansion, LB-CH exhibited comparable viability and proliferation rates to control cells and no ultimate cell cycle arrest was observed within 12 passages respectively 15.3 \u00b1 1.1 mean cumulative populations doublings (CPD). The chondrogenic differentiation potential was comparable between LB-CH and Ctrl-CH, but both groups showed a significantly higher ability to form a hyaline cartilage matrix in vitro than BMSC. Our data suggest that LBs are a promising cell source for obtaining qualitatively and quantitatively suitable chondrocytes for therapeutic applications, thereby circumventing donor site morbidity as a consequence of the biopsies required for the current ACI procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T04:29:38Z","timestamp":1673497778000},"page":"1484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chondrocyte Isolation from Loose Bodies\u2014An Option for Reducing Donor Site Morbidity for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Textor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"Hoburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Centrum f\u00fcr Muskuloskelettale Chirugie (CBMSC), Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Med Center 360 Degree Berlin, Kieler Stra\u00dfe 1, 12163 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rex","family":"Lehnigk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Centrum f\u00fcr Muskuloskelettale Chirugie (CBMSC), Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Perka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Centrum f\u00fcr Muskuloskelettale Chirugie (CBMSC), 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Boston, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3451-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Reinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Blankenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 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