{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:04:58Z","timestamp":1783335898807,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water transport across the biological membranes is mediated by aquaporins (AQPs). AQP4 and AQP1 are the predominantly expressed AQPs in the skeletal muscle. Since the discovery of AQP4, several studies have highlighted reduced AQP4 levels in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and mouse models, and other neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) such as sarcoglycanopathies and dysferlinopathies. AQP4 loss is attributed to the destabilizing dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) in DMD leading to compromised water permeability in the skeletal muscle fibers. However, AQP4 knockout (KO) mice appear phenotypically normal. AQP4 ablation does not impair physical activity in mice but limits them from achieving the performance demonstrated by wild-type mice. AQP1 levels were found to be upregulated in DMD models and are thought to compensate for AQP4 loss. Several groups investigated the expression of other AQPs in the skeletal muscle; however, these findings remain controversial. In this review, we summarize the role of AQP4 with respect to skeletal muscle function and findings in NMDs as well as the implications from a clinical perspective<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T03:47:01Z","timestamp":1673495221000},"page":"1489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Assessing the Role of Aquaporin 4 in Skeletal Muscle Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tejal","family":"Aslesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9129-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ammar","family":"Al-aghbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6672-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada"},{"name":"The Friends of Garret Cumming Research and Muscular Dystrophy Canada HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, 8812 112 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0987fje","article-title":"Aquaporins in skeletal muscle: Reassessment of the functional role of aquaporin-4","volume":"18","author":"Frigeri","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(91)82306-2","article-title":"Nonuniform volume changes during muscle contraction","volume":"59","author":"Neering","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biophys. 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