{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:47:01Z","timestamp":1792104421617,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20gk0210016h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20gk0210016h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K09776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K09556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K09556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18gk0110024h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18gk0110024h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20gk0210016h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20gk0210016h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K09776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K09556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K09556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18gk0110024h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18gk0110024h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant","award":["20gk0210016h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20gk0210016h0003"]}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant","award":["JP19K09776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09776"]}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant","award":["JP22K09556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K09556"]}]},{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant","award":["18gk0110024h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18gk0110024h0002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The circadian rhythm, which is necessary for reproduction, is controlled by clock genes. In the mouse uterus, the oscillation of the circadian clock gene has been observed. The transcription of the core clock gene period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) is activated by the heterodimer of the transcription factor circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1). By binding to E-box sequences in the promoters of Per1\/2 and Cry1\/2 genes, the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer promotes the transcription of these genes. Per1\/2 and Cry1\/2 form a complex with the Clock\/Bmal1 heterodimer and inactivate its transcriptional activities. Endometrial BMAL1 expression levels are lower in human recurrent-miscarriage sufferers. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of BMAL1-depleted decidual cells prevents trophoblast invasion, highlighting the importance of the endometrial clock throughout pregnancy. It is widely known that hormone synthesis is disturbed and sterility develops in Bmal1-deficient mice. Recently, we discovered that animals with uterus-specific Bmal1 loss also had poor placental development, and these mice also had intrauterine fetal death. Furthermore, it was shown that time-restricted feeding controlled the uterine clock\u2019s circadian rhythm. The uterine clock system may be a possibility for pregnancy complications, according to these results. We summarize the most recent research on the close connection between the circadian clock and reproduction in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T02:05:52Z","timestamp":1673575552000},"page":"1545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Circadian Clock, Nutritional Signals and Reproduction: A Close Relationship"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-6813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Ono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6179-9993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-8502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takiko","family":"Daikoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto 606-0848, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Mieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunari","family":"Mizumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1885-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Kagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hosono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Sekizuka-Kagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Maida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Kuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3098-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fujiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813764","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/813764","article-title":"Shift work, jet lag and female reproduction","volume":"2010","author":"Mahoney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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