{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1781620224402,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy","award":["FAR 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2020"]}]},{"name":"Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy","award":["FAR 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2021"]}]},{"name":"Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy","award":["RBFR12LDOW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBFR12LDOW"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research","award":["FAR 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2020"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research","award":["FAR 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2021"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research","award":["RBFR12LDOW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBFR12LDOW"]}]},{"name":"Catholic University of Rome","award":["FAR 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2020"]}]},{"name":"Catholic University of Rome","award":["FAR 2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2021"]}]},{"name":"Catholic University of Rome","award":["RBFR12LDOW"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RBFR12LDOW"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several new psychoactive substances (NPS) are responsible for intoxication involving the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Among NPS, synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) provoked side effects in humans characterized by tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, breathing difficulty, apnoea, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest. Therefore, the present study investigated the cardio-respiratory (MouseOx Plus; EMKA electrocardiogram (ECG) and plethysmography TUNNEL systems) and vascular (BP-2000 systems) effects induced by 1-naphthalenyl (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-methanone (JWH-018; 0.3\u20133\u20136 mg\/kg) and \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (\u03949-THC; 0.3\u20133\u20136 mg\/kg), administered in awake CD-1 male mice. The results showed that higher doses of JWH-018 (3\u20136 mg\/kg) induced deep and long-lasting bradycardia, alternated with bradyarrhythmia, spaced out by sudden episodes of tachyarrhythmias (6 mg\/kg), and characterized by ECG electrical parameters changes, sustained bradypnea, and systolic and transient diastolic hypertension. Otherwise, \u03949-THC provoked delayed bradycardia (minor intensity tachyarrhythmias episodes) and bradypnea, also causing a transient and mild hypertensive effect at the tested dose range. These effects were prevented by both treatment with selective CB1 (AM 251, 6 mg\/kg) and CB2 (AM 630, 6 mg\/kg) receptor antagonists and with the mixture of the antagonists AM 251 and AM 630, even if in a different manner. Cardio-respiratory and vascular symptoms could be induced by peripheral and central CB1 and CB2 receptors stimulation, which could lead to both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems activation. These findings may represent a starting point for necessary future studies aimed at exploring the proper antidotal therapy to be used in SCs-intoxicated patient management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T02:04:45Z","timestamp":1673834685000},"page":"1631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Old and the New: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Alterations Induced by Acute JWH-018 Administration Compared to \u03949-THC\u2014A Preclinical Study in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrine","family":"Bilel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9337-9184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micaela","family":"Tirri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Arf\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Corli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Roda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2154-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Alessandro","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0221-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cavarretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"De Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioetics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-2882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Center, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, June 06). The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances: A Report from the Global SMART Programme: Vienna. 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