{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:06:05Z","timestamp":1784603165554,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia. To date, a lot of research has been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this disease at both molecular and cellular levels. There is increasing evidence suggesting that autoimmunity is an important factor in the initiation and perpetuation of AF. Autoantibodies are thought to play a pivotal role in the regulation of heart rhythm and the conduction system and, therefore, are associated with AF development. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge concerning the role of autoantibodies in AF development as well as their prognostic and predictive value in this disease. The establishment of the autoantibody profile of separate AF patient groups may appear to be crucial in terms of developing novel treatment approaches for those patients; however, the exact role of various autoantibodies in AF is still a matter of ongoing debate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T01:57:57Z","timestamp":1674007077000},"page":"1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Autoantibodies in Atrial Fibrillation\u2014State of the Art"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5377-5254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Zygad\u0142o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8333-7570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Procyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Balsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1747-5999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Lodzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Grabowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5083-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"G\u0105secka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1972595","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases: The failure of self tolerance","volume":"248","author":"Sinha","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12395","article-title":"Human autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive update","volume":"278","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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