{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:16:51Z","timestamp":1790716611114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H02981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H02981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K19572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H04829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H04829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Takeda Science Foundation","award":["21H02981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H02981"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Science Foundation","award":["22K19572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19572"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Science Foundation","award":["20H03734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03734"]}]},{"name":"Takeda Science Foundation","award":["21H04829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H04829"]}]},{"name":"Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation","award":["21H02981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H02981"]}]},{"name":"Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation","award":["22K19572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19572"]}]},{"name":"Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation","award":["20H03734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03734"]}]},{"name":"Vehicle Racing Commemorative Foundation","award":["21H04829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H04829"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Estrogen is an essential sex steroid hormone that functions primarily in female reproductive system, as well as in a variety of tissues and organs with pleiotropic effects, such as in cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. Women with low estrogen, as exemplified by those in postmenopause, are therefore prone to suffer from various disorders, i.e., cardiovascular disease, dementia, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, and so on. Estrogen regulates the expression of its target genes by binding to its cognate receptors, estrogen receptors (ERs) \u03b1 and \u03b2. Notably, the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) \u03b1, \u03b2, and \u03b3 are originally identified as orphan receptors that share substantial structural homology and common transcriptional targets with ERs. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERs and ERRs play crucial roles in skeletal muscles, such as muscle mass maintenance, muscle exercise physiology, and muscle regeneration. In this article, we review potential regulatory roles of ERs and ERRs in muscle physiology, particularly with regard to mitochondrial function and metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T01:57:57Z","timestamp":1674007077000},"page":"1853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Roles of Estrogen, Estrogen Receptors, and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Skeletal Muscle: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kenta","family":"Yoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniko","family":"Horie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-3844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Systems Medicine & Gene Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827032","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.827032","article-title":"Estrogen Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction in Ovarian Disease","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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