{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:30:27Z","timestamp":1793712627268,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]],"date-time":"2023-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF2022R1A2C1011929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2022R1A2C1011929"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF-2021R1A5A8032895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A5A8032895"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education of Korea","award":["NRF2022R1A2C1011929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2022R1A2C1011929"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education of Korea","award":["NRF-2021R1A5A8032895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1A5A8032895"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The direct effects of particulate matter (PM) on lung injury and its specific molecular mechanisms are unclear. However, experimental evidence has shown that oxidative stress-mediated inflammation in macrophages is the main pathological outcome of PM exposure. Curcumin has been reported to protect organs against the disturbance of homeostasis caused by various toxic agents through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the protective action of curcumin against PM-induced pulmonary inflammation and the underlying mechanism have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we established a PM-induced pulmonary inflammation mouse model using the intratracheal instillation method to investigate the protective ability of curcumin against PM-induced pulmonary inflammation. Compared to the mice treated with PM only, the curcumin-treated mice showed alleviated alveolar damage, decreased immune cell infiltration, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production in both lung tissue and BALF. To evaluate the underlying mechanism, the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used. Pretreatment with curcumin prevented the production of PM-induced proinflammatory cytokines by deactivating NF-\u03baB through the suppression of MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, curcumin appears to attenuate PM-induced oxidative stress through the activation of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant signaling. Our findings demonstrate that curcumin protects against PM-induced lung injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammatory activation in macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T01:57:57Z","timestamp":1674007077000},"page":"1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Curcumin Ameliorates Particulate Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury through Bimodal Regulation of Macrophage Inflammation via NF-\u03baB and Nrf2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Min Kook","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Dam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-5157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Hyup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-Based Bio-Health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702747","article-title":"Air Pollution and Mortality in the Medicare Population","volume":"376","author":"Di","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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