{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:16:37Z","timestamp":1791778597575,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education (MOE)","award":["FRGS\/1\/2021\/STG03\/UKM\/02\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2021\/STG03\/UKM\/02\/3"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, (UKM)","award":["FRGS\/1\/2021\/STG03\/UKM\/02\/3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2021\/STG03\/UKM\/02\/3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cryopreservation of spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for infertility. However, cryopreservation itself induces cryoinjury due to oxidative and osmotic stress, leading to reduction in the survival rate and functionality of SSCs. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1 (GFR\u03b11) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) are expressed during the self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs, making them key tools for identifying the functionality of SSCs. To the best of our knowledge, the involvement of GFR\u03b11 and PLZF in determining the functionality of SSCs after cryopreservation with therapeutic intervention is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to determine the role of GFR\u03b11 and PLZF as biomarkers for evaluating the functionality of SSCs in cryopreservation with therapeutic intervention. Therapeutic intervention, such as the use of antioxidants, and enhancement in cryopreservation protocols, such as cell encapsulation, cryoprotectant agents (CPA), and equilibrium of time and temperature increase the expression of GFR\u03b11 and PLZF, resulting in maintaining the functionality of SSCs. In conclusion, GFR\u03b11 and PLZF have the potential as biomarkers in cryopreservation with therapeutic intervention of SSCs to ensure the functionality of the stem cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T02:51:37Z","timestamp":1674096697000},"page":"1945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Role of Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF) and Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Alpha 1 (GFR\u03b11) in the Cryopreservation of Spermatogonia Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Asma\u2019 \u2018Afifah","family":"Shamhari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-0704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Erysha Sabrina","family":"Jefferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zariyantey","family":"Abd Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Balkis","family":"Budin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8246-6493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhd Hanis Md","family":"Idris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9901-766X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izatus Shima","family":"Taib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2022, September 27). 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