{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:47:32Z","timestamp":1772772452288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland","award":["2019R617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R617"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blue whiting (BW) represents an underutilised fish species containing a high-quality protein and amino acid (AA) profile with numerous potentially bioactive peptide sequences, making BW an economic and sustainable alternative source of protein. This study investigated the impact of three different BW protein hydrolysates (BWPH-X, Y and Z) on growth, proliferation and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in skeletal muscle (C2C12) myotubes. BWPHs were hydrolysed using different enzymatic and heat exposures and underwent simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), each resulting in a high degree of hydrolysis (33.41\u201337.29%) and high quantities of low molecular mass peptides (86.17\u201397.12% &lt;1 kDa). C2C12 myotubes were treated with 1 mg protein equivalent\/mL of SGID-BWPHs for 4 h. Muscle growth and myotube thickness were analysed using an xCelligence\u2122 platform. Anabolic signalling (phosphorylation of mTOR, rpS6 and 4E-BP1) and MPS measured by puromycin incorporation were assessed using immunoblotting. BWPH-X significantly increased muscle growth (p &lt; 0.01) and myotube thickness (p &lt; 0.0001) compared to the negative control (amino acid and serum free media). Muscle protein synthesis (MPS), as measured by puromycin incorporation, was significantly higher after incubation with BWPH-X compared with the negative control, but did not significantly change in response to BWPH-Y and Z treatments. Taken together, these preliminary findings demonstrate the anabolic potential of some but not all BWPHs on muscle enhancement, thus providing justification for human dietary intervention studies to confirm and translate the results of such investigations to dietary recommendations and practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T06:22:10Z","timestamp":1674109330000},"page":"2001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Cell-Based Assessment of the Muscle Anabolic Potential of Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) Protein Hydrolysates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Shekoohi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5376-9708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miryam","family":"Amigo-Benavent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"},{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6477-8741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-903, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e1draig\u00edn A.","family":"Harnedy-Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"},{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3048-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J.","family":"FitzGerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"},{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8350-1481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian P.","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512002590","article-title":"The role of dietary protein in optimizing muscle mass, function and health outcomes in older individuals","volume":"108","author":"Wolfe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. 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