{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:41:53Z","timestamp":1792813313153,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Project for Standardization of Chinese Materia Medica","award":["ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34"]}]},{"name":"National Project for Standardization of Chinese Materia Medica","award":["201603D3114010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201603D3114010"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34"]}]},{"name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["201603D3114010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201603D3114010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, relapsing, and nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Phillygenin (PHI), a natural bioactive ingredient, isolated from Forsythiae Fructus, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hepatoprotective activities. However, few reports provide direct evidence on the efficacy of PHI in improving colitis mice. The present study elucidated that the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis mice were alleviated after PHI administration, including body weight loss, the disease activity index, colon length shortening, colonic pathological damage, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. PHI treatment improved the intestinal mucosal barrier by protecting goblet cells, promoting gene expressions of Clca1, Slc26a3, and Aqp8, increasing tight junction proteins (TJs), and reducing epithelial cell apoptosis. In addition, the levels of oxidative stress (MPO, SOD, and MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and IL-10) were reversed by PHI in colitis mice. According to transcriptome and network pharmacology analysis, inflammatory pathway might be an important mechanism for PHI to improve colitis. Western blotting displayed that the PHI inhibited the activation of tyrosine kinase Src mediated by TLR4, and then reduced the phosphorylation of downstream proteins p38, JNK, and NF-\u03baB in colitis mice. In summary, our results suggested that PHI might be an appropriate and effective drug candidate to protect colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:48:08Z","timestamp":1674445688000},"page":"2238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Phillygenin Attenuated Colon Inflammation and Improved Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in DSS-induced Colitis Mice via TLR4\/Src Mediated MAPK and NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Huan-Huan","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Ping","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8455-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Gui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Hua","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Dong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9247-6334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.91","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: Pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. 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