{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:40:35Z","timestamp":1789681235762,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondi di Ateneo UNIVPM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) are two metabolic-related diseases that could affect women during pregnancy. Considering that the chorionic villi (CVs) are crucial structures for the feto-maternal exchange, the alterations in their conformation have been linked to an imbalanced metabolic environment of placenta. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach has been carried out to describe the changes occurring in the placental CVs of GDM and SGA patients. The results revealed higher levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and catalase (CAT), especially in the GDM placentae, which could be correlated with the hyperglycemic environment characteristic of this pathology. Furthermore, spectroscopy and histologic analyses revealed that both pathologies modify the placental lipid composition altering its structure. However, SGA induces lipid peroxidation and reduces collagen deposition within the CVs. Since the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in placentation and different metabolic activities, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV-1) were analyzed. No changes have been observed either at general or specific levels in the CVs comparing control and pathological samples, suggesting the non-involvement of the cannabinoid system in these two pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T04:19:22Z","timestamp":1674447562000},"page":"2240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Small-for-Gestational-Age: An Insight into the Placental Molecular Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-2569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Giommi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"INBB\u2014Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2042-798X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Lomb\u03cc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"INBB\u2014Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Montik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Paolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4651-6235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Notarstefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Delli Carpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciavattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontostomatological and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2579-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6677-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Maradonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"INBB\u2014Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0503-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Giorgini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliana","family":"Carnevali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy"},{"name":"INBB\u2014Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12797","article-title":"Placental metabolism: Substrate requirements and the response to stress","volume":"51","author":"Vaughan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. 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