{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:09:24Z","timestamp":1792091364591,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayer4Indications Grant from Bayer AG, Germany"},{"name":"Skip Martin Fellowship from Diabetes Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vision loss in diabetic retinopathy features damage to the blood\u2013retinal barrier and neovascularization, with hypertension and the renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS) having causal roles. We evaluated if finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, reduced vascular pathology and inflammation in diabetic and neovascular retinopathy. Diabetic and hypertensive transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats overexpressing the RAS received the MR antagonist finerenone (10 mg\/kg\/day, oral gavage) or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (10 mg\/kg\/day, drinking water) for 12 weeks. As retinal neovascularization does not develop in diabetic rodents, finerenone (5 mg\/kg\/day, i.p.) was evaluated in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Retinal vasculopathy was assessed by measuring gliosis, vascular leakage, neovascularization, and VEGF. Inflammation was investigated by quantitating retinal microglia\/macrophages, pro-inflammatory mediators, and anti-inflammatory regulatory T-cells (Tregs). In diabetes, both treatments reduced systolic blood pressure, gliosis, vascular leakage, and microglial\/macrophage density, but only finerenone lowered VEGF, ICAM-1, and IL-1\u00df. In OIR, finerenone reduced neovascularization, vascular leakage, and microglial density, and increased Tregs in the blood, spleen, and retina. Our findings, in the context of the FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD trials reporting the benefits of finerenone on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic kidney disease, indicate the potential of finerenone as an effective oral treatment for diabetic retinopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:53:18Z","timestamp":1674618798000},"page":"2334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Finerenone, a Non-Steroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, Reduces Vascular Injury and Increases Regulatory T-Cells: Studies in Rodents with Diabetic and Neovascular Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jack R.","family":"Jerome","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devy","family":"Deliyanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varaporn","family":"Suphapimol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3425-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Kolkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3512-4030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Wilkinson-Berka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.05.013","article-title":"Genetic dissection of sodium and potassium transport along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron: Importance in the control of blood pressure and hypertension","volume":"587","author":"Rossier","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(99)00087-2","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid action","volume":"65","author":"Rogerson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2891","article-title":"Direct regulation of blood pressure by smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"18","author":"McCurley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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