{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:11:24Z","timestamp":1785895884695,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GARE-MOE, Bangladesh","award":["LS201615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS201615"]}]},{"name":"GARE-MOE, Bangladesh","award":["6160\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6160\/2018"]}]},{"name":"GARE-MOE, Bangladesh","award":["KAKENHI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI"]}]},{"name":"GARE-MOE, Bangladesh","award":["18H02385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02385"]}]},{"name":"Research and Publication Cell, the University of Chittagong","award":["LS201615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS201615"]}]},{"name":"Research and Publication Cell, the University of Chittagong","award":["6160\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6160\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Research and Publication Cell, the University of Chittagong","award":["KAKENHI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI"]}]},{"name":"Research and Publication Cell, the University of Chittagong","award":["18H02385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02385"]}]},{"name":"JSPS grant-in-aid for scientific research","award":["LS201615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS201615"]}]},{"name":"JSPS grant-in-aid for scientific research","award":["6160\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6160\/2018"]}]},{"name":"JSPS grant-in-aid for scientific research","award":["KAKENHI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI"]}]},{"name":"JSPS grant-in-aid for scientific research","award":["18H02385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02385"]}]},{"name":"Japanese government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) PhD scholarship","award":["LS201615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS201615"]}]},{"name":"Japanese government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) PhD scholarship","award":["6160\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6160\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Japanese government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) PhD scholarship","award":["KAKENHI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI"]}]},{"name":"Japanese government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) PhD scholarship","award":["18H02385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H02385"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of a dengue (DENV) vaccine remains challenging due to the heteroserotypic infection, which can result in a potentially deadly hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, and only a tetravalent vaccine can overcome this issue. Here, we report the immunogenicity of DENV envelope protein domain 3 (ED3) from all four DENV serotypes (DENV1\u20134) in Swiss albino and BALB\/c mice models. Firstly, we observed that despite having very similar sequences and structures, both the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of ED3s varied significantly, with strength ranging from DENV2 ED3 (2ED3)~3ED3 &gt; 1ED3 &gt; 4ED3, which was assessed through anti-ED3 IgG titers, and DENV1 ED3 (1ED3) &gt; 2ED3~3ED3 &gt; 4ED3 as determined by monitoring T-cell memory (CD44+CD62L+ T cells with IL-4 and IFN-\u03b3 expression). Secondly, anti-1ED3 sera cross-reacted with 2ED3 and 3ED3; anti-2ED3 and anti-3ED3 sera cross-reacted with each other, but anti-4ED3 was completely serotype-specific. The lack of reciprocity of anti-1ED3\u2019s cross-reaction was unanticipated. Such disparity in the ED3 responses and cross-reaction might underlie the appearance of hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hence, the development of an ED3-based tetravalent subunit vaccine would require understanding the aforementioned disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T01:57:07Z","timestamp":1674698227000},"page":"2393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Immunogenicity of DENV1\u20134 ED3s Strongly Differ despite Their Almost Identical Three-Dimensional Structures and High Sequence Similarities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3021-3114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Din","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Sharmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3225-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imrul Hasan","family":"Tipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antara","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjida","family":"Yesmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moushumi Ghosh","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subbaian","family":"Brindha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3221-4295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Monirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2010.10.002","article-title":"Dengue fever","volume":"1","author":"Ashley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Anaesth. Crit."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01838.x","article-title":"Towards a global dengue research agenda","volume":"12","author":"Farrar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. 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