{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:10:38Z","timestamp":1791418238766,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","award":["322RC586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322RC586"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","award":["202210589068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202210589068"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","award":["ZDYF2020170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2020170"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training for University of PRC","award":["322RC586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322RC586"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training for University of PRC","award":["202210589068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202210589068"]}]},{"name":"National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training for University of PRC","award":["ZDYF2020170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2020170"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Re-search and Development Program","award":["322RC586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322RC586"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Re-search and Development Program","award":["202210589068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202210589068"]}]},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Re-search and Development Program","award":["ZDYF2020170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2020170"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A vital bioactive component of marine resources is Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP). This study examined whether HLP could regulate intestinal flora to treat loperamide-induced constipation. Constipated mice showed signs of prolonged defecation (up by 60.79 min) and a reduced number of bowel movements and pellet water content (decreased by 12.375 and 11.77%, respectively). The results showed that HLP treatment reduced these symptoms, reversed the changes in related protein expression levels in the colon, and regulated the levels of active peptides associated with the gastrointestinal tract in constipated mice, which significantly improved water-electrolyte metabolism and enhanced gastrointestinal motility. Meanwhile, it was found that intestinal barrier damage was reduced and the inflammatory response was inhibited through histopathology and immunohistochemistry. As a means to further relieve constipation symptoms, treatment with low, medium, and high HLP concentrations increased the total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the intestine of constipated mice by 62.60 \u03bcg\/g, 138.91 \u03bcg\/g, and 126.51 \u03bcg\/g, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of the intestinal flora\u2019s gene for 16S rRNA suggested that the intestinal microbiota was improved through HLP treatment, which is relevant to the motivation for the production of SCFAs. In summary, it was demonstrated that HLP reduced loperamide-induced constipation in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T04:58:25Z","timestamp":1675054705000},"page":"2553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Polysaccharides from Holothuria leucospilota Relieve Loperamide-Induced Constipation Symptoms in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ziqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5612-522X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.12.034","article-title":"Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation","volume":"158","author":"Bharucha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.53","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of chronic constipation in adults","volume":"13","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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