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Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["333302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["333302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ3\/00872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/27\/B\/NZ3\/00872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an ever-increasing, insidious disease which reduces the quality of life of millions of elderly people around the world. AMD is characterised by damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the macula region of the retina. The origins of this multi-factorial disease are complex and still not fully understood. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial imbalance in the RPE are believed to be important factors in the development of AMD. In this review, the regulation of the mitochondrial function and antioxidant stress response by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), newly emerged epigenetic factors, is discussed. These molecules include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular non-coding RNAs. They act mainly as mRNA suppressors, controllers of other ncRNAs, or by interacting with proteins. We include here examples of these RNA molecules which affect various mitochondrial processes and antioxidant signaling of the cell. As a future prospect, the possibility to manipulate these ncRNAs to strengthen mitochondrial and antioxidant response functions is discussed. Non-coding RNAs could be used as potential diagnostic markers for AMD, and in the future, also as therapeutic targets, either by suppressing or increasing their expression. In addition to AMD, it is possible that non-coding RNAs could be regulators in other oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T10:19:28Z","timestamp":1675073968000},"page":"2636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Non-Coding RNAs Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and the Oxidative Stress Response as Putative Targets against Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3414-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha M. T.","family":"Hyttinen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Blasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Kaarniranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105607","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2105607","article-title":"Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases: From a mitochondrial point of view","volume":"2019","author":"Cenini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100858","article-title":"Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and their impact on age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Kaarniranta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Retin Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blasiak, J., Hyttinen, J.M.T., Szczepanska, J., Pawlowska, E., and Kaarniranta, K. (2021). Potential of long non-Coding RNAs in age-related macular degeneration. Int. J. 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