{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T06:53:12Z","timestamp":1768287192133,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sphingolipids are key molecules in inflammation and defense against pathogens. Their role in dectin-1\/TLR2-mediated responses is, however, poorly understood. This study investigated the sphingolipidome in the peritoneal fluid, peritoneal cells, plasma, and spleens of mice after intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg zymosan\/mouse or PBS as a control. Samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, and 16 h post-injection, using a total of 36 mice. Flow cytometry analysis of peritoneal cells and measurement of IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, and TNF-\u03b1 levels in the peritoneal lavages confirmed zymosan-induced peritonitis. The concentrations of sphingoid bases, dihydroceramides, ceramides, dihydrosphingomyelins, sphingomyelins, monohexosylceramides, and lactosylceramides were increased after zymosan administration, and the effects varied with the time and the matrix measured. The greatest changes occurred in peritoneal cells, followed by peritoneal fluid, at 8 h and 4 h post-injection, respectively. Analysis of the sphingolipidome suggests that zymosan increased the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids without change in the C14\u2013C18:C20\u2013C26 ceramide ratio. At 16 h post-injection, glycosylceramides remained higher in treated than in control mice. A minor effect of zymosan was observed in plasma, whereas sphinganine, dihydrosphingomyelins, and monohexosylceramides were significantly increased in the spleen 16 h post-injection. The consequences of the observed changes in the sphingolipidome remain to be established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T05:33:53Z","timestamp":1675229633000},"page":"2773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Zymosan-Induced Murine Peritonitis Is Associated with an Increased Sphingolipid Synthesis without Changing the Long to Very Long Chain Ceramide Ratio"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9510-4790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alix","family":"Pierron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactions H\u00f4tes-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes (IHAP), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Guzylack-Piriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactions H\u00f4tes-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes (IHAP), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Tardieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactions H\u00f4tes-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes (IHAP), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-0337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Foucras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactions H\u00f4tes-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes (IHAP), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9777-3784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Guerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactions H\u00f4tes-Agents Pathog\u00e8nes (IHAP), Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), 31300 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6387","DOI":"10.1021\/cr2002917","article-title":"Sphingolipid and Glycosphingolipid Metabolic Pathways in the Era of Sphingolipidomics","volume":"111","author":"Merrill","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. 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