{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:30:45Z","timestamp":1793647845367,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The optimum condition of acid hydrolysis for hydroxyapatite extraction from bigeye snapper (Priancanthus tayenus) bone and the effects of extraction time (10\u201360 min) and HCl concentration (2.0\u20135.0% w\/v) on yield and hydroxyapatite properties were determined. The optimum extracted condition was found using 5% HCl for 60 min, which was 13.4% yield; 19.8 g\/100 g Ca content; 9.6 g\/100 g P content; 2.1 Ca\/P ratio; L*, a*, b*; and \u0394E as 84.5, 2.8, 16.5, and 15.6, respectively. The using of 5% NaOH solution was optimum for hydroxyapatite precipitation from the extracted solution. The characteristic and biological properties of the obtained hydroxyapatite were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed a good comparison between the extracted and commercial hydroxyapatite. The microstructure of the extracted hydroxyapatite from a scanning electron microscope showed an irregular and flat-plate shape, large surface area, and roughness. The extracted hydroxyapatite was non- and low-cytotoxicity at a concentration of 50 and 100\u2013400 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and desorption of hydroxyapatite was studied. An increasing BSA concentration, hydroxyapatite amount, and adsorption time significantly increased protein adsorption on hydroxyapatite. Protein desorption from BSA-loaded hydroxyapatite showed an increase of release initially in the first 4 days and became a steady release rate until 14 days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T02:21:12Z","timestamp":1675304472000},"page":"2776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Properties of Hydroxyapatite from Bigeye Snapper (Priancanthus tayenus) Bone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nunnuth","family":"Jindapon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phatthranit","family":"Klinmalai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Utoomporn","family":"Surayot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2871-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuttapol","family":"Tanadchangsaeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woradej","family":"Pichaiaukrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3521-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuthana","family":"Phimolsiripol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaluntorn","family":"Vichasilp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5811-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sutee","family":"Wangtueai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2022). 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