{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:49:46Z","timestamp":1790704186877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":287,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}]},{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}]},{"name":"Cerebral Palsy Alliance","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}]},{"name":"Monash University","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}]},{"name":"Monash University","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}]},{"name":"Monash University","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Financial Markets Foundation for Children and the Cerebral Palsy Alliance","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}]},{"name":"Financial Markets Foundation for Children and the Cerebral Palsy Alliance","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}]},{"name":"Financial Markets Foundation for Children and the Cerebral Palsy Alliance","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}]},{"name":"Fielding Foundation","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}]},{"name":"Fielding Foundation","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}]},{"name":"Fielding Foundation","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}]},{"name":"Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Scheme","award":["PHD01821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHD01821"]}]},{"name":"Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Scheme","award":["APP1164954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1164954"]}]},{"name":"Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Scheme","award":["1173584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173584"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Complications of prematurity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, affecting the lung), pulmonary hypertension associated with BPD (BPD-PH, heart), white matter injury (WMI, brain), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, eyes), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, gut) and sepsis are among the major causes of long-term morbidity in infants born prematurely. Though the origins are multifactorial, inflammation and in particular the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is now recognized as a key driver of the pathophysiology underlying these illnesses. Here, we review the involvement of the interleukin (IL)-1 family in perinatal inflammation and its clinical implications, with a focus on the potential of these cytokines as therapeutic targets for the development of safe and effective treatments for early life inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T02:21:12Z","timestamp":1675304472000},"page":"2795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The Role of the Interleukin-1 Family in Complications of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elys A.","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Monash Newborn, Monash Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven P.","family":"Garrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briana","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6374-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Galinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rod W.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Monash Newborn, Monash Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven X.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7314-9234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane E.","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9682-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel F.","family":"Nold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Monash Newborn, Monash Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7439-3834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Nold-Petry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: A systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000\u20132015: An updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Behrman, R.E., and Butler, A.S. (2007). Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention, National Academies Press. The National Academies Collection: Reports Funded by National Institutes of Health."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2022, November 15). Inflation Calculator. Available online: https:\/\/www.in2013dollars.com\/us\/inflation\/."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12621","article-title":"Overview of the IL-1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity","volume":"281","author":"Dinarello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1159\/000507584","article-title":"Emerging Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Interleukin-1beta in Neonates","volume":"117","author":"Omer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.341044","article-title":"Interleukin-1: An important target for perinatal neuroprotection?","volume":"18","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.10.008","article-title":"Treating inflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in humans","volume":"25","author":"Dinarello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24694","article-title":"Case of anakinra as a steroid-sparing agent for gout inflammation","volume":"61","author":"Gratton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (2018). CHMP Extension of Indication Variation Assessment Report, European Medicines Agency."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.066381","article-title":"Anakinra treatment in patients with adult-onset Still\u2019s disease is fast, effective, safe and steroid sparing: Experience from an uncontrolled trial","volume":"66","author":"Kalliolias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mertens, M., and Singh, J.A. (2009). Anakinra for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD005121.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005121.pub3"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050473","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade","volume":"201","author":"Pascual","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055137","article-title":"Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition","volume":"355","author":"Dailey","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25057","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in ten patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease\/chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Neven","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14384","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306859110","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents murine bronchopulmonary dysplasia induced by perinatal inflammation and hyperoxia","volume":"110","author":"Nold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2016-0031OC","article-title":"Airway Remodeling and Hyperreactivity in a Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Their Modulation by IL-1 Receptor Antagonist","volume":"55","author":"Royce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01480","article-title":"Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protects Newborn Mice Against Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Bui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaz8454","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz8454","article-title":"Type 2 immune polarization is associated with cardiopulmonary disease in preterm infants","volume":"14","author":"Lao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02238-4","article-title":"Interleukin-1 blockade attenuates white matter inflammation and oligodendrocyte loss after progressive systemic lipopolysaccharide exposure in near-term fetal sheep","volume":"18","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.09.001","article-title":"Postnatal administration of IL-1Ra exerts neuroprotective effects following perinatal inflammation and\/or hypoxic-ischemic injuries","volume":"26","author":"Girard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02927-3","article-title":"Prenatal administration of IL-1Ra attenuate the neurodevelopmental impacts following non-pathogenic inflammation during pregnancy","volume":"11","author":"Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601600","article-title":"Antenatal Suppression of IL-1 Protects against Inflammation-Induced Fetal Injury and Improves Neonatal and Developmental Outcomes in Mice","volume":"198","author":"Chin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12606","article-title":"The family of the interleukin-1 receptors","volume":"281","author":"Boraschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-014-1073-1","article-title":"Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-mediated cellular signaling pathways","volume":"20","author":"Narayanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.10.023","article-title":"The interleukin-1 receptor family","volume":"25","author":"Boraschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.06.001","article-title":"TIR8\/SIGIRR: An IL-1R\/TLR family member with regulatory functions in inflammation and T cell polarization","volume":"30","author":"Garlanda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2003.09.016","article-title":"The interleukin 1 receptor family","volume":"28","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155773","article-title":"IL-1 family cytokines as drivers and inhibitors of trained immunity","volume":"150","author":"Teufel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.139.6.1369","article-title":"Demonstration and characterization of two distinct human leukocytic pyrogens","volume":"139","author":"Dinarello","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/315641a0","article-title":"Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs","volume":"315","author":"March","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.165332","article-title":"Constitutive repression of interleukin-1alpha in endothelial cells","volume":"102","author":"Brunn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3503","article-title":"Interleukin 1alpha and the inflammatory process","volume":"17","author":"Shayakhmetov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00335","article-title":"Different Regulation of Interleukin-1 Production and Activity in Monocytes and Macrophages: Innate Memory as an Endogenous Mechanism of IL-1 Inhibition","volume":"8","author":"Madej","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2969618","article-title":"cDNA expression cloning of the IL-1 receptor, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily","volume":"241","author":"Sims","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2940343","article-title":"Interleukin-1 activates transcription factor NF kappa B in glial cells","volume":"294","author":"Moynagh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.038331","article-title":"Stimulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression in endometrial stromal cells by interleukin 1, beta involving the nuclear transcription factor NFkappaB","volume":"73","author":"Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.02.008","article-title":"Role of nuclear factor-kappaB in interleukin-1-induced collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts","volume":"83","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.01.018","article-title":"NLRP3 gene knockout blocks NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathway in CUMS-induced depression mouse model","volume":"322","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gep.2009.01.001","article-title":"Effect of fluid flow-induced shear stress on human mesenchymal stem cells: Differential gene expression of IL1B and MAP3K8 in MAPK signaling","volume":"9","author":"Glossop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gene Expr. Patterns"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705971","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in IL-1 beta-dependent rat airway smooth muscle proliferation","volume":"143","author":"Zhai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504952","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/504952","article-title":"NFkappaB and AP-1 drive human myometrial IL8 expression","volume":"2012","author":"Khanjani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6603","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207867","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta stimulates IL-8 expression through MAP kinase and ROS signaling in human gastric carcinoma cells","volume":"23","author":"Hwang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, K., Lee, O.Y., Park, Y., Seo, M.W., and Lee, D.S. (2016). IL-1beta induces IL-6 production and increases invasiveness and estrogen-independent growth in a TG2-dependent manner in human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2746-7"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1925","article-title":"Structural insights into the assembly and activation of IL-1beta with its receptors","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00514-9","article-title":"The soluble form of IL-1 receptor accessory protein enhances the ability of soluble type II IL-1 receptor to inhibit IL-1 action","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/343341a0","article-title":"Primary structure and functional expression from complementary DNA of a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"343","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3800","article-title":"Treating inflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in a broad spectrum of diseases","volume":"11","author":"Dinarello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00296","article-title":"Novel Anti-Interleukin-1beta Therapy Preserves Retinal Integrity: A Longitudinal Investigation Using OCT Imaging and Automated Retinal Segmentation in Small Rodents","volume":"11","author":"Sayah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2011.10.001","article-title":"Understanding the mechanism of IL-1beta secretion","volume":"22","author":"Brough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.176","article-title":"Inflammasome-dependent IL-1beta release depends upon membrane permeabilisation","volume":"23","author":"Diamond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.01.012","article-title":"Human Monocytes Engage an Alternative Inflammasome Pathway","volume":"44","author":"Gaidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.09.015","article-title":"IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines","volume":"23","author":"Schmitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3370","article-title":"Interleukin 33 is a guardian of barriers and a local alarmin","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0467-1","article-title":"IL-1R3 blockade broadly attenuates the functions of six members of the IL-1 family, revealing their contribution to models of disease","volume":"20","author":"Hojen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18660","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705939104","article-title":"IL-1 receptor accessory protein is essential for IL-33-induced activation of T lymphocytes and mast cells","volume":"104","author":"Ali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003554","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of murine IL-33 by TLR and non-TLR agonists","volume":"189","author":"Polumuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802449","article-title":"Caspase-1, caspase-8, and calpain are dispensable for IL-33 release by macrophages","volume":"183","author":"Ohno","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0811425","article-title":"The mouse interleukin (Il)33 gene is expressed in a cell type- and stimulus-dependent manner from two alternative promoters","volume":"91","author":"Calo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.130","article-title":"Potential autocrine regulation of interleukin-33\/ST2 signaling of dendritic cells in allergic inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00615.x","article-title":"Different promoter usage and multiple transcription initiation sites of the interleukin-1 receptor-related human ST2 gene in UT-7 and TM12 cells","volume":"264","author":"Iwahana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.10.3966-3972.1995","article-title":"A novel costimulatory factor for gamma interferon induction found in the livers of mice causes endotoxic shock","volume":"63","author":"Okamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.09.019","article-title":"Structural basis for the specific recognition of IL-18 by its alpha receptor","volume":"588","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb993","article-title":"The structure and binding mode of interleukin-18","volume":"10","author":"Kato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5508","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202121","article-title":"Cutting edge: FAS (CD95) mediates noncanonical IL-1beta and IL-18 maturation via caspase-8 in an RIP3-independent manner","volume":"189","author":"Bossaller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1379","article-title":"Interleukin-18 (IFNgamma-inducing factor) induces IL-8 and IL-1beta via TNFalpha production from non-CD14+ human blood mononuclear cells","volume":"101","author":"Puren","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6665","article-title":"Interleukin-18 activates NF-\u03baB in murine T helper type 1 cells","volume":"234","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.1063.65.3","article-title":"Synergistic effects of IL-12 and IL-18 in skewing tumor-reactive T-cell responses towards a type 1 pattern","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700964","article-title":"IL-12p70 and IL-18 gene-modified dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigen-derived peptides or recombinant protein effectively stimulate specific Type-1 CD4+ T-cell responses from normal donors and melanoma patients in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Vujanovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7038","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.12.7038","article-title":"Expression and release of IL-18 binding protein in response to IFN-gamma","volume":"167","author":"Paulukat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1190","article-title":"Structural requirements of six naturally occurring isoforms of the IL-18 binding protein to inhibit IL-18","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1944","article-title":"IL-37 is a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity","volume":"11","author":"Nold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2000.6184","article-title":"Identification and gene organization of three novel members of the IL-1 family on human chromosome 2","volume":"66","author":"Busfield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13723","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212519099","article-title":"A complex of the IL-1 homologue IL-1F7b and IL-18-binding protein reduces IL-18 activity","volume":"99","author":"Bufler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3103","article-title":"IL-37 requires the receptors IL-18Ralpha and IL-1R8 (SIGIRR) to carry out its multifaceted anti-inflammatory program upon innate signal transduction","volume":"16","author":"Lo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3MA0616-287R","article-title":"Monocytes and dendritic cells are the primary sources of interleukin 37 in human immune cells","volume":"101","author":"Rudloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudloff, I., Ung, H.K., Dowling, J.K., Mansell, A., D\u2019Andrea, L., Ellisdon, A.M., Whisstock, J.C., Berger, P.J., Nold-Petry, C.A., and Nold, M.F. (2020). Parsing the IL-37-Mediated Suppression of Inflammasome Function. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010178"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13677","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400117200","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9 signal through IL-1Rrp2 and IL-1RAcP to activate the pathway leading to NF-\u03baB and MAPKs","volume":"279","author":"Towne","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_488","article-title":"Interleukin-36: Structure, Signaling and Function","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42594","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.267922","article-title":"Interleukin-36 (IL-36) ligands require processing for full agonist (IL-36alpha, IL-36beta, and IL-36gamma) or antagonist (IL-36Ra) activity","volume":"286","author":"Towne","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-06-439026","article-title":"IL-36 signaling amplifies Th1 responses by enhancing proliferation and Th1 polarization of naive CD4+ T cells","volume":"120","author":"Vigne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016080840","article-title":"IL-36 Signaling Facilitates Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-23\/IL-17 Axis in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis","volume":"28","author":"Chi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.29.912","article-title":"Fibromuscular dysplasia with cerebral infarction in children case report","volume":"29","author":"Takenaka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurol. Med.-Chir."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.056","article-title":"IL-1 and IL-36 are dominant cytokines in generalized pustular psoriasis","volume":"140","author":"Johnston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.155897","article-title":"Role of IL-36 cytokines in psoriasis and other inflammatory skin conditions","volume":"156","author":"Sachen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010095200","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of IL-1HY2, a novel interleukin-1 family member","volume":"276","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1089\/107999001753289505","article-title":"Identification of a novel human cytokine gene in the interleukin gene cluster on chromosome 2q12-14","volume":"21","author":"Bensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121534109","article-title":"IL-38 binds to the IL-36 receptor and has biological effects on immune cells similar to IL-36 receptor antagonist","volume":"109","author":"Stoeckman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjw006","article-title":"Interleukin-38 is released from apoptotic cells to limit inflammatory macrophage responses","volume":"8","author":"Mora","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12612","article-title":"Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease","volume":"281","author":"Joosten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12761","article-title":"Distinct expression of interleukin (IL)-36alpha, beta and gamma, their antagonist IL-36Ra and IL-38 in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"184","author":"Boutet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.082","article-title":"IL-38 Ameliorates Skin Inflammation and Limits IL-17 Production from gammadelta T Cells","volume":"27","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.09.023","article-title":"IL-38 alleviates concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210630","article-title":"IL-38 overexpression induces anti-inflammatory effects in mice arthritis models and in human macrophages in vitro","volume":"76","author":"Boutet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000923","article-title":"IL-38 Ablation Reduces Local Inflammation and Disease Severity in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"206","author":"Huard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956773","article-title":"The role of inflammation and infection in preterm birth","volume":"25","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1311318","article-title":"Intrauterine infection, immune system and premature birth","volume":"31","author":"Helmo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final Data for 2016","volume":"67","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.12.009","article-title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Lateef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.193","article-title":"Maternal juvenile rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with preterm birth but not poor fetal growth","volume":"36","author":"Mohamed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13946","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy: A population-based study of prevalence and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"123","author":"Shand","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30406-X","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A 5-year national population-based cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.01.008","article-title":"Preeclampsia as a cause of preterm and late preterm (near-term) births","volume":"30","author":"Sibai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.024","article-title":"Prenatal inflammation is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes","volume":"210","author":"Bastek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1340447","article-title":"High- but not low-grade histologic chorioamnionitis is associated with spontaneous preterm birth in a Swedish cohort","volume":"31","author":"Fahmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412831","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/412831","article-title":"The consequences of chorioamnionitis: Preterm birth and effects on development","volume":"2013","author":"Galinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106766","article-title":"The Preterm Prediction Study: Prediction of preterm premature rupture of membranes through clinical findings and ancillary testing. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network","volume":"183","author":"Mercer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722489","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.722489","article-title":"Preterm Birth Is Associated With Immune Dysregulation Which Persists in Infants Exposed to Histologic Chorioamnionitis","volume":"12","author":"Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90241-I","article-title":"The enhanced production of placental interleukin-1 during labor and intrauterine infection","volume":"165","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"941","article-title":"The relationship of amniotic fluid cytokines and preterm delivery, amniotic fluid infection, histologic chorioamnionitis, and chorioamnion infection","volume":"81","author":"Hillier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116675058","article-title":"A Role for the Inflammasome in Spontaneous Labor at Term with Acute Histologic Chorioamnionitis","volume":"24","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12648","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12648","article-title":"Inflammasome assembly in the chorioamniotic membranes during spontaneous labor at term","volume":"77","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2000.049","article-title":"Il-1 beta, Il-6, Il-8 and G-CSF in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal infections","volume":"28","author":"Buscher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200203000-00008","article-title":"Hemodynamic disturbances in premature infants born after chorioamnionitis: Association with cord blood cytokine concentrations","volume":"51","author":"Yanowitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"102","article-title":"Maternal serum proinflammatory cytokines in preterm labor with intact membranes: Neonatal outcome and histological associations","volume":"18","author":"Torbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"77","article-title":"Clinical chorioamnionitis at term IV: The maternal plasma cytokine profile","volume":"44","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2014.342","article-title":"Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin and interleukin-1 as diagnostic biomarkers for the premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis","volume":"2","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Rep."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00238-2","article-title":"Maternal serum and amniotic fluid cytokines in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes with and without intrauterine infection","volume":"79","author":"Shobokshi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.06.001","article-title":"Subclinical and clinical chorioamnionitis, fetal vasculitis, and risk for preterm birth: A cohort study","volume":"67","author":"Palmsten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.016","article-title":"IL-1beta and TGF-beta weaken the placental barrier through destruction of tight junctions: An in vivo and in vitro study","volume":"35","author":"Tossetta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"759","article-title":"Analysis of cell-cell junctions in human amnion and chorionic plate affected by chorioamnionitis","volume":"31","author":"Licini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.14.3.205.211","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of premature neonates: A marker for maternal chorioamnionitis and predictor of adverse neonatal outcome","volume":"14","author":"Cayabyab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22910","article-title":"Low level of tracheal cellular fibronectin in extremely premature infants with funisitis: Relationship with respiratory distress 1 month after birth","volume":"49","author":"Arai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004377","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis and Risk for Maternal and Neonatal Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"137","author":"Beck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1914611","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.14611","article-title":"Association of Chorioamnionitis With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Among Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Metaregression","volume":"2","author":"Ghazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.07.012","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Been","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000357556","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Mitra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, D., Zhu, T., Qu, Y., Gou, X., Huang, Q., Li, X., and Mu, D. (2018). Maternal chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm and very preterm neonates: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208302"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20163781","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3781","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis in the Development of Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"139","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101146","article-title":"The fetal inflammatory response syndrome: The origins of a concept, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and obstetrical implications","volume":"25","author":"Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Fetal Neonatal. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2100047","article-title":"The Distinct Immune Nature of the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome Type I and Type II","volume":"5","author":"Para","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.040","article-title":"Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: Definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance","volume":"213","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1702942","article-title":"The fetal inflammation response syndrome and adverse neonatal outcomes: A meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.09.013","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants","volume":"124","author":"Bui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_135","unstructured":"Chow, S.S.W., Creighton, P., Chambers, G.M., and Lui, K. (2022). Report of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network 2020, ANZNN."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.250","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension: A meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2142PP","article-title":"Understanding the Short- and Long-Term Respiratory Outcomes of Prematurity and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","volume":"192","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1159\/000445476","article-title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","volume":"110","author":"Kwon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00039513","article-title":"Impaired lung function and health status in adult survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"43","author":"Gough","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e359","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.5.e359","article-title":"Cognitive and academic consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight: 8-year-old outcomes","volume":"112","author":"Short","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yates, N., Gunn, A.J., Bennet, L., Dhillon, S.K., and Davidson, J.O. (2021). Preventing Brain Injury in the Preterm Infant-Current Controversies and Potential Therapies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041671"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-2756(02)00193-8","article-title":"Pathology of new bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"8","author":"Coalson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin. Neonatol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00027112","article-title":"Pulmonary gas transfer in children and adolescents born extremely preterm","volume":"42","author":"Satrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","article-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"369","author":"Slutsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3109\/08830185.2012.755176","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in the immune system","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/13813455.2015.1115525","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and anti-proteinases","volume":"122","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F198","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.3.F198","article-title":"Early increase of TNF alpha and IL-6 in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid indicator of subsequent chronic lung disease in preterm infants","volume":"77","author":"Jonsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000145274.47221.10","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 in tracheal aspirates from premature infants induces airway epithelial cell IL-8 expression via an NF-\u03baB dependent pathway","volume":"56","author":"Shimotake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-927OC","article-title":"Growth of pulmonary microvasculature in ventilated preterm infants","volume":"173","author":"Mao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1219OC","article-title":"Membrane and Capillary Components of Lung Diffusion in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","volume":"193","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.7.739","article-title":"Changes in pulmonary circulation in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"65","author":"Bush","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2010.05.001","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in chronic neonatal lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Farquhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Respir. Rev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0971","article-title":"Pulmonary artery hypertension in formerly premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical features and outcomes in the surfactant era","volume":"120","author":"Khemani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F506","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313759","article-title":"Corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A network meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F177","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.3.F177","article-title":"Early postnatal dexamethasone treatment and increased incidence of cerebral palsy","volume":"83","author":"Shinwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200301000-00014","article-title":"Effects of neonatal high-dose short-term glucocorticoid treatment on the lung: A morphologic and morphometric study in the rat","volume":"53","author":"Tschanz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"R218","article-title":"Dexamethasone accelerates postnatal alveolar wall thinning and alters wall composition","volume":"251","author":"Massaro","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4669","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4669","article-title":"Murine Double Hit Model for Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Diseases: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with BPD","volume":"12","author":"Garrick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bio-protocol"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13044","article-title":"Refining anti-inflammatory therapy strategies for bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"21","author":"Rudloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L285","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00446.2010","article-title":"Pulmonary and systemic inflammatory responses to intra-amniotic IL-1alpha in fetal sheep","volume":"301","author":"Kallapur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8977","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9977","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome is critically involved in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"6","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633720","article-title":"Decreased alveolarization in baboon survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"152","author":"Coalson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.4_Pt_1.872","article-title":"Pathophysiologic, morphometric, and biochemical studies of the premature baboon with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"145","author":"Coalson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.01.071","article-title":"First-Breath-Induced Type 2 Pathways Shape the Lung Immune Environment","volume":"18","author":"Saluzzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.10.031","article-title":"Perinatal Activation of the Interleukin-33 Pathway Promotes Type 2 Immunity in the Developing Lung","volume":"45","author":"Kool","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900454","article-title":"Early Life Represents a Vulnerable Time Window for IL-33-Induced Peripheral Lung Pathology","volume":"203","author":"Drake","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8050186","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8050186","article-title":"Tissue-Resident Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Arrest Alveolarization in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","volume":"2020","author":"Mi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6717","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.910851","article-title":"Interleukin-33 (IL-33) Increases Hyperoxia-Induced Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Newborn Mice by Regulation of Inflammatory Mediators","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-0267-2","article-title":"IL-33-induced neutrophil extracellular traps degrade fibronectin in a murine model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595157","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.595157","article-title":"Acetate Downregulates the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasomes and Attenuates Lung Injury in Neonatal Mice With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115535","article-title":"Effects of gestational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate on the lung development of offspring rats","volume":"272","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2108792","article-title":"Rationale for IL-37 as a novel therapeutic agent in inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Nold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_173","first-page":"e920365","article-title":"Interleukin-37 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Neonatal Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Young Mice via Inhibition of Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2012.0304","article-title":"Value of serum and bronchoalveolar fluid lavage pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants","volume":"23","author":"Koksal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.10.014","article-title":"Systemic inflammation associated with mechanical ventilation among extremely preterm infants","volume":"61","author":"Bose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1159\/000081504","article-title":"Interleukin-1 balance in the lungs of preterm infants who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"87","author":"Kakkera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L49","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00060.2019","article-title":"Infants with evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia demonstrate monocyte-specific expression of IL-1 in tracheal aspirates","volume":"317","author":"Eldredge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L87","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00505.2017","article-title":"Activation of the NF-\u03baB pathway alters the phenotype of MSCs in the tracheal aspirates of preterm infants with severe BPD","volume":"315","author":"Reicherzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1089\/ped.2019.0994","article-title":"A Novel Diagnostic Marker for the Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Interleukin-33","volume":"32","author":"Cakir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_180","first-page":"716","article-title":"Changes of serum interleukin-33 in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.28","article-title":"Predictive value of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, soluble ST2, and IL-33 in bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"75","author":"Tunc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00349","article-title":"Prediction of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants Using Postnatal Risk Factors","volume":"8","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F299","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.174862","article-title":"Polymorphisms of interleukin 18 in the genetics of preterm birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"96","author":"Krueger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.14","article-title":"IL-18R1 and IL-18RAP SNPs may be associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in African-American infants","volume":"71","author":"Floros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prieto-Villalobos, J., Alvear, T.F., Liberona, A., Lucero, C.M., Martinez-Araya, C.J., Balmazabal, J., Inostroza, C.A., Ramirez, G., Gomez, G.I., and Orellana, J.A. (2021). Astroglial Hemichannels and Pannexons: The Hidden Link between Maternal Inflammation and Neurological Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179503"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23939","article-title":"The impact of trophic and immunomodulatory factors on oligodendrocyte maturation: Potential treatments for encephalopathy of prematurity","volume":"69","author":"Vaes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00447-8","article-title":"White matter injury in infants with intraventricular haemorrhage: Mechanisms and therapies","volume":"17","author":"Ballabh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1866","article-title":"Natural history of brain lesions in extremely preterm infants studied with serial magnetic resonance imaging from birth and neurodevelopmental assessment","volume":"118","author":"Dyet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.05.001","article-title":"Histologic chorioamnionitis and risk of neurodevelopmental impairment at age 10 years among extremely preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestation","volume":"223","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.020","article-title":"Early onset preeclampsia and cerebral palsy: A double hit model?","volume":"214","author":"Mor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_191","first-page":"212.e211","article-title":"Inflammatory predictors of neurologic disability after preterm premature rupture of membranes","volume":"212","author":"Donnelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.10.006","article-title":"Brain-immune interactions in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury","volume":"159","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0217-5","article-title":"Suspected or known neonatal sepsis and neurodevelopmental delay by 5 years","volume":"38","author":"Savioli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13629","article-title":"Complex interactions between hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation in preterm brain injury","volume":"60","author":"Galinsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.226378","article-title":"Glia and hemichannels: Key mediators of perinatal encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Galinsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764486","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.764486","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte Development and Implication in Perinatal White Matter Injury","volume":"15","author":"Motavaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050500363519","article-title":"Dexamethasone dosing, mechanical ventilation and the risk of cerebral palsy","volume":"19","author":"Powell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.09.006","article-title":"Steroids and injury to the developing brain: Net harm or net benefit?","volume":"41","author":"Malaeb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751694","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/751694","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and preterm hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: The good and the bad","volume":"2012","author":"Bennet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.11189","article-title":"School-age outcomes of very preterm infants after antenatal treatment with magnesium sulfate vs placebo","volume":"312","author":"Doyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.04.007","article-title":"School-age outcomes following a randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection of preterm infants","volume":"165","author":"Chollat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16655548","article-title":"Magnesium sulfate reduces EEG activity but is not neuroprotective after asphyxia in preterm fetal sheep","volume":"37","author":"Galinsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1159\/000497200","article-title":"Neuromodulatory Effect of NLRP3 and ASC in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy","volume":"115","author":"Ystgaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000134249.92944.14","article-title":"Brain injury induced by intracerebral injection of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the neonatal rat","volume":"56","author":"Cai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22489","article-title":"Systemic inflammation disrupts the developmental program of white matter","volume":"70","author":"Favrais","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.09.004","article-title":"A dual role for interleukin-1 in hippocampal-dependent memory processes","volume":"32","author":"Goshen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22534","article-title":"Morphological and behavioral changes induced by transgenic overexpression of interleukin-1ra in the brain","volume":"89","author":"Spulber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01932-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of astrocyte-derived IL-33 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury","volume":"17","author":"Jiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00898","article-title":"IL-33 Alleviated Brain Damage via Anti-apoptosis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Inflammation After Epilepsy","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00423","article-title":"IL-33 Provides Neuroprotection through Suppressing Apoptotic, Autophagic and NF-\u03baB-Mediated Inflammatory Pathways in a Rat Model of Recurrent Neonatal Seizure","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.09.062","article-title":"White matter injury in the immature brain: Role of interleukin-18","volume":"373","author":"Hedtjarn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-3323","article-title":"Asiaticoside attenuates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage through inhibiting TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6654954","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6654954","article-title":"Neferine Protects against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats by Suppressing NLRP3-Mediated Inflammasome Activation","volume":"2021","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.07.004","article-title":"Ginkgolide B ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome activation after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonatal male rat","volume":"69","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001642","article-title":"Protective effects of melatonin on the white matter damage of neonatal rats by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity","volume":"32","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01796-3","article-title":"IRE1alpha inhibition attenuates neuronal pyroptosis via miR-125\/NLRP1 pathway in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000085986","article-title":"Combined deficiency of IL-1beta18, but not IL-1alphabeta, reduces susceptibility to hypoxia-ischemia in the immature brain","volume":"27","author":"Hedtjarn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Effect of GABAB receptor antagonists (CGP 35348 and CGP 55845) on serum interleukin 6 and 18 concentrations in albino mice following neonatal hypoxia ischemia insult","volume":"29","author":"Gillani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800409344619","article-title":"Integrated review of cytokines in maternal, cord, and newborn blood: Part II\u2013associations with early infection and increased risk of neurologic damage in preterm infants","volume":"11","author":"Pickler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181f971e4","article-title":"Proinflammatory orientation of the interleukin 1 system and downstream induction of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the pathophysiology of human perinatal white matter damage","volume":"69","author":"Girard","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2015.86","article-title":"Elevated plasma and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration and combined outcome of death or abnormal neuroimaging in preterm neonates with early-onset clinical sepsis","volume":"35","author":"Basu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000047094","article-title":"Early markers of brain damage in premature low-birth-weight neonates who suffered from perinatal asphyxia and\/or infection","volume":"79","author":"Fotopoulos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-002-0633-6","article-title":"Cytokine immunoreactivity in cortical and subcortical neurons in periventricular leukomalacia: Are cytokines implicated in neuronal dysfunction in cerebral palsy?","volume":"105","author":"Kadhim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2001.0988","article-title":"Possible correlation between high levels of IL-18 in the cord blood of pre-term infants and neonatal development of periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral palsy","volume":"17","author":"Minagawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207322666190325120244","article-title":"Can IL-33 and Endocan be New Markers for Retinopathy of Prematurity?","volume":"22","author":"Cakir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60178-6","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"382","author":"Hellstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199903000-00004","article-title":"Hyperoxia and glucocorticoid modify retinal vessel growth and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in newborn rabbits","volume":"45","author":"Slivka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2858","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell death is induced by microglia derived pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypoxic neonatal retina","volume":"224","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301331","article-title":"Microglia and interleukin-1beta in ischemic retinopathy elicit microvascular degeneration through neuronal semaphorin-3A","volume":"33","author":"Rivera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30374-0","article-title":"Automated in vitro evolution of a translation-coupled RNA replication system in a droplet flow reactor","volume":"8","author":"Yoshiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30087-4","article-title":"Antenatal IL-1-dependent inflammation persists postnatally and causes retinal and sub-retinal vasculopathy in progeny","volume":"8","author":"Prairie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.08.004","article-title":"Choroidal Involution Is Associated with a Progressive Degeneration of the Outer Retinal Function in a Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Early Role for IL-1beta","volume":"186","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01868","article-title":"Abnormal Complement Activation and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Retinopathy of Prematurity","volume":"8","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306543","article-title":"IL-37 Is a Novel Proangiogenic Factor of Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.02.013","article-title":"Mortality of necrotizing enterocolitis expressed by birth weight categories","volume":"44","author":"Fitzgibbons","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.11.015","article-title":"Mortality and management of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: A prospective cohort study","volume":"218","author":"Hull","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91R","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31819dba7d","article-title":"Biomarkers for infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis: Clues to prevention?","volume":"65","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F318","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-300244","article-title":"Outcomes at 7 years for babies who developed neonatal necrotising enterocolitis: The ORACLE Children Study","volume":"97","author":"Pike","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.3.423","article-title":"Impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on length of stay and hospital charges in very low birth weight infants","volume":"109","author":"Bisquera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nolan, L.S., Rimer, J.M., and Good, M. (2020). The Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Probiotics on the Neonatal Microbiome and Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103052"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.006","article-title":"Royal Australasia of Surgeons Guest Lecture. Necrotizing enterocolitis: Prevention, treatment, and outcome","volume":"48","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2013.11.007","article-title":"Toll-like receptor regulation of intestinal development and inflammation in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2016.13","article-title":"The immunological landscape in necrotising enterocolitis","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2021.100951","article-title":"A protocol for the induction of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice","volume":"2","author":"Nolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez, C.M., Sampah, M.E.S., Duess, J.W., Ishiyama, A., Ahmad, R., Sodhi, C.P., and Hackam, D.J. (2022). Models of necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin. Perinatol., 151695.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2022.151695"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5794","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19400-w","article-title":"Characterization of the pathoimmunology of necrotizing enterocolitis reveals novel therapeutic opportunities","volume":"11","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2021.09.012","article-title":"Impact of Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on proinflammatory cytokines release and the development of Necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm Neonates: A randomized controlled study","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_248","first-page":"959","article-title":"Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow localized by short segment stimulation","volume":"69","author":"Kanakamedala","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1548601","article-title":"Novel useful markers for follow-up of necrotizing enterocolitis: Endocan and interleukin-33","volume":"33","author":"Cakir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108358","article-title":"Inhibition of Interleukin-6 signaling: A novel therapeutic approach to necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"101","author":"Yarci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109867","article-title":"Overexpressed FOXO3 improves inflammatory status in mice by affecting NLRP3-mediated cell coronation in necrotizing colitis mice","volume":"125","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0797-6","article-title":"NEC-like intestinal injury is ameliorated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in parallel with SIGIRR and A20 induction in neonatal mice","volume":"88","author":"Cuna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000353721","article-title":"Pilot study using proteomics to identify predictive biomarkers of necrotizing enterocolitis from buccal swabs in very low birth weight infants","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2103-275","article-title":"The protective effects of Anakinra in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"51","author":"Gunes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, W., Wang, Y., Zou, J., Long, F., Yan, H., Zeng, L., and Chen, Y. (2017). Bifidobacterium adolescentis protects against necrotizing enterocolitis and upregulates TOLLIP and SIGIRR in premature neonatal rats. BMC Pediatr., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0759-7"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1530","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3386","article-title":"SIGIRR genetic variants in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"135","author":"Sampath","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.09.009","article-title":"SIGIRR Mutation in Human Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Disrupts STAT3-Dependent microRNA Expression in Neonatal Gut","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.211","article-title":"Single-Immunoglobulin Interleukin-1-Related Receptor regulates vulnerability to TLR4-mediated necrotizing enterocolitis in a mouse model","volume":"83","author":"Fawley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_259","first-page":"731","article-title":"Hormonal response to experimentally induced brain death","volume":"20","author":"Castellanos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7532","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1951215","article-title":"Introduction of the neonatal sepsis calculator at a low-dependency special care nursery in Australia","volume":"35","author":"Cuoco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2022.07.013","article-title":"Prevalence and presentation of neonatal sepsis at a paediatric emergency department in Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"12","author":"Clotilde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Afr. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31002-4","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis","volume":"390","author":"Shane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000096","article-title":"Neonatal late-onset sepsis following peripherally inserted central catheter removal: Association with antibiotic use and adverse line events","volume":"38","author":"Hoffman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infus. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.121381","article-title":"Chorioamnionitis, mechanical ventilation, and postnatal sepsis as modulators of chronic lung disease in preterm infants","volume":"140","author":"Dammann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13104","article-title":"Sepsis as a risk factor for neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants","volume":"104","author":"Ohlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.H., Han, Y.S., Chun, J., Lee, M.H., and Sung, T.J. (2020). Risk factors that affect the degree of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Comparison by severity in the same gestational age. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235901"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695610","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.695610","article-title":"Risk Factors and Outcomes of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e3182231074","article-title":"Association between high cytokine levels with white matter injury in preterm infants with sepsis","volume":"13","author":"Procianoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_269","first-page":"380","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 plasma levels in neonatal sepsis","volume":"33","author":"Martens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199810000-00002","article-title":"Plasma levels and gene expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in neonatal early onset sepsis","volume":"44","author":"Berner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1159\/000047118","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in umbilical plasma from neonates who develop early-onset sepsis","volume":"80","author":"Dollner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199505000-00012","article-title":"Increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in neonatal sepsis","volume":"37","author":"Okken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F221","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.77.3.F221","article-title":"Diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis with cytokines, adhesion molecule, and C-reactive protein in preterm very low birthweight infants","volume":"77","author":"Ng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1159\/000244485","article-title":"Impact of prematurity, stress and sepsis on the neutrophil respiratory burst activity of neonates","volume":"72","author":"Drossou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31397","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/31397","article-title":"Serum IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha levels in early diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis","volume":"2007","author":"Kurt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00530.x","article-title":"Role of cytokines (interleukin-1beta, 6, 8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and soluble receptor of interleukin-2) and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis","volume":"92","author":"Reyes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994592","article-title":"Neonatal tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 response to infection","volume":"11","author":"Ozdemir","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/08035259950169314","article-title":"Evaluation of interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis","volume":"88","author":"Silveira","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737141","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/737141","article-title":"Serum amyloid A, procalcitonin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta levels in neonatal late-onset sepsis","volume":"2008","author":"Ucar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14036.x","article-title":"Serum interleukin-1 beta in neonatal sepsis","volume":"85","author":"Atici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, S., Strunk, T., Lee, A.H., Gill, E.E., Falsafi, R., Woodman, T., Hibbert, J., Hancock, R.E.W., and Currie, A. (2020). Whole blood transcriptional responses of very preterm infants during late-onset sepsis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233841"},{"key":"ref_282","first-page":"1508","article-title":"Serum concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in neonatal sepsis and meningitis","volume":"27","author":"Fida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08148-3","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation","volume":"352","author":"Kuster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e3180556d09","article-title":"Increased mortality and altered immunity in neonatal sepsis produced by generalized peritonitis","volume":"28","author":"Wynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801089","article-title":"Cutting Edge: IL-1alpha and Not IL-1beta Drives IL-1R1-Dependent Neonatal Murine Sepsis Lethality","volume":"201","author":"Benjamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207321666180911090656","article-title":"Serum Interleukin-33 as a Biomarker in Predicting Neonatal Sepsis in Premature Infants","volume":"21","author":"Halil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen"},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2627","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515793113","article-title":"Targeting IL-17A attenuates neonatal sepsis mortality induced by IL-18","volume":"113","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/3\/2795\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:21:24Z","timestamp":1760120484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/3\/2795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":287,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24032795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]}}}