{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:20:43Z","timestamp":1768443643415,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200042"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2022-14\/200007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal that is distributed worldwide. Exposure to it is correlated with a vast number of diseases and organism malfunctions. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8, EPS-AN8, previously showed great potential for the in vitro protection of intestinal cells from this metal. Here, we investigated the potential of food supplemented with EPS-AN8 to protect rats from the hazardous effects of Cd exposure. After thirty days of exposure to lower (5 ppm) and higher (50 ppm)-Cd doses, the administration of EPS-AN8 led to decreased Cd content in the kidneys, liver, and blood compared to only Cd-treated groups, whereas the fecal Cd content was strongly enriched. In addition, EPS-AN8 reversed Cd-provoked effects on the most significant parameters of oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, GST, and GSH) and inflammation (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and IFN-\u03b3) in the duodenum. Moreover, micrographs of the duodenum were in line with these findings. As the gut microbiota has an important role in maintaining homeostasis, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and investigated the effects of Cd and EPS-AN8 on one part of the microbiota presented in the duodenum. Although Cd decreased the growth of lactobacilli and mostly favored the blooming of opportunistic pathogen bacteria, parallel intake of EPS-AN8 reversed those changes. Therefore, our results imply that EPS-AN8 might be extremely noteworthy in combatting this toxic environmental pollutant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T02:21:12Z","timestamp":1675304472000},"page":"2845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Orally Administrated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8-Derived EPS-AN8 Ameliorates Cd Hazards in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Emilija","family":"Brdari\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Du\u0161anka","family":"Popovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Sokovi\u0107 Baji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Tucovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0545-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Muti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"\u010caki\u0107-Milo\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7828-3288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sla\u0111ana","family":"\u0110ur\u0111i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Tolina\u010dki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9081-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra Popov","family":"Aleksandrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nata\u0161a","family":"Goli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Mirkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSinisa Stankovic\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1022-5767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"\u017divkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2016-0910","article-title":"Risk assessment of effects of cadmium on human health (IUPAC Technical Report)","volume":"90","author":"Nordberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"617","article-title":"Estimation of dietary intake of cadmium and lead through food con-sumption","volume":"116","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K., Melough, M.M., Vance, T.M., Noh, H., Koo, S.I., and Chun, O.K. (2018). Dietary Cadmium Intake and Sources in the US. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010002"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health effects of cadmium exposure\u2014A review of the literature and a risk estimate","volume":"24","author":"Berglund","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205418","article-title":"Associations between Urinary Excretion of Cadmium and Proteins in a Nonsmoking Population: Renal Toxicity or Normal Physiology?","volume":"121","author":"Akerstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(02)00381-8","article-title":"A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population","volume":"137","author":"Satarug","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8735","article-title":"Cadmium Uptake and Transepithelial Transport in Control and Long-Term Exposed Caco-2 Cells: The Role of Metallothionein","volume":"160","author":"Blais","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.12.004","article-title":"Oral exposure to cadmium chloride triggers an acute inflammatory response in the intestines of mice, initiated by the over-expression of tissue macrophage inflammatory protein-2 mRNA","volume":"164","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.06.002","article-title":"Toxicity of oral cadmium intake: Impact on gut immunity","volume":"237","author":"Ninkov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., and Zheng, J. (2016). Comparison of Dietary Cadmium Exposure among the General Population from Two Cadmium-polluted Regions in China. J. Pollut. Eff. Control., 4.","DOI":"10.4172\/2375-4397.1000167"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP360","article-title":"Sex-Dependent Effects of Cadmium Exposure in Early Life on Gut Microbiota and Fat Accumulation in Mice","volume":"125","author":"Ba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901234","article-title":"Cadmium, Environmental Exposure, and Health Outcomes","volume":"118","author":"Satarug","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6751","article-title":"Adverse Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low-Level Cadmium in Foodstuffs and Cigarette Smoke","volume":"112","author":"Satarug","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.04.022","article-title":"Interpreting NHANES biomonitoring data, cadmium","volume":"198","author":"Ruiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.04.124","article-title":"Blood lead and cadmium levels in preschool children and associated risk factors in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"240","author":"Olympio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2013.835032","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity: A review","volume":"24","author":"Rani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genchi, G., Sinicropi, M.S., Lauria, G., Carocci, A., and Catalano, A. (2020). The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113782"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759378","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.759378","article-title":"Protective Effect of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8 against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity in Caco-2 Cells","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-016-7471-2","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria: From health-promoting benefits to stress tolerance mechanisms","volume":"100","author":"Caggianiello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1187112","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus sp.: Biosynthesis and applications","volume":"58","author":"Oleksy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.06.039","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant property of released exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus SRFM-1","volume":"173","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00001","article-title":"Exopolysaccharide Produced by Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus paraplantarum BGCG11 Reduces Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Rats","volume":"9","author":"Pecikoza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300971","article-title":"Probiotic and postbiotic activity in health and disease: Comparison on a novel polarised ex-vivo organ culture model","volume":"61","author":"Tsilingiri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2012.0046","article-title":"Postbiotics: What else?","volume":"4","author":"Tsilingiri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000188","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000188","article-title":"Microbial Metabolites, Postbiotics, and Intestinal Epithelial Function","volume":"65","author":"Mayorgas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T2404","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12674","article-title":"Biosorption of Al+3 and Cd+2 by an Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus","volume":"79","author":"Szwajgier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(89)90240-6","article-title":"Uptake and intracellular compartmentation of thorium in saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"61","author":"Gadd","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10432","article-title":"Characterization of electrostatic binding sites of extracellular polymers by linear programming analysis of titration data","volume":"80","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-008-9800-9","article-title":"Biosorption of heavy metals by the exopolysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus jamilae","volume":"24","author":"Perez","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","article-title":"A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae","volume":"70","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Yu, L., Shen, X., Tian, F., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Chen, W., and Zhai, Q. (2021). Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Acute Toxicity Caused by Different Food-Derived Forms of Cadmium in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011045"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107327","article-title":"Zinc oxide\/graphene oxide nanocomposites efficiently inhibited cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity via releasing Zn ions and up-regulating MRP1 expression","volume":"165","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2021.109861","article-title":"Role of the lactobacilli in food bio-decontamination: Friends with benefits","volume":"150","author":"Zoghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Enzym. Microb. Technol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS1203197J","article-title":"Protective effect of probiotic bacteria against cadmium-induced genotoxicity in rat hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro","volume":"64","author":"Jama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2016.0090","article-title":"The Protective Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Cadmium Toxicity in Rats","volume":"20","author":"Djurasevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03417-12","article-title":"Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Acute Cadmium Toxicity in Mice","volume":"79","author":"Zhai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4063","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00762-14","article-title":"Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8610 against Chronic Cadmium Toxicity in Mice Indicate Routes of Protection besides Intestinal Sequestration","volume":"80","author":"Zhai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00695-16","article-title":"Oral Administration of Probiotics Inhibits Absorption of the Heavy Metal Cadmium by Protecting the Intestinal Barrier","volume":"82","author":"Zhai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-016-0819-x","article-title":"Effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota and physiological conditions of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under waterborne cadmium exposure","volume":"110","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antonie Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/MRJI\/2017\/36935","article-title":"Food and Health Potentials of Exopolysaccharides Derived from Lactobacilli","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-017-2591-4","article-title":"Prospective of Microbial Exopolysaccharide for Heavy Metal Exclusion","volume":"183","author":"Mohite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(88)90137-0","article-title":"Oral cadmium chloride intoxication in mice: Diethyldithiocarbamate enhances rather than alleviates acute toxicity","volume":"52","author":"Andersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520220141","article-title":"Effects of an exopolysaccharide (kefiran) on lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and constipation","volume":"22","author":"Maeda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1261-x","article-title":"Probiotics as a Complementary Therapy in the Model of Cadmium Chloride Toxicity: Crosstalk of \u03b2-Catenin, BDNF, and StAR Signaling Pathways","volume":"185","author":"Kadry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-203302","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in occupationally cadmium exposed workers","volume":"69","author":"Goyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noda, M., Sultana, N., Hayashi, I., Fukamachi, M., and Sugiyama, M. (2019). Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68 Prevents and Improves the Picryl Chloride-Induced Contact Dermatitis. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162970"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noda, M., Danshiitsoodol, N., Kanno, K., Uchida, T., and Sugiyama, M. (2021). The Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus paracasei IJH-SONE68 Prevents and Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses in DSS\u2013Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112243"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"515","article-title":"Over expression of PTEN induces apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation in breast cancer cells","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24931-w","article-title":"Exposure to toxic metals triggers unique responses from the rat gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Richardson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125747","article-title":"Structural and functional alterations of gut microbiome in mice induced by chronic cadmium exposure","volume":"246","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110369821","article-title":"Cadmium chloride exhibits a profound toxic effect on bacterial microflora of the mice gastrointestinal tract","volume":"30","author":"Fazeli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002112","article-title":"Exercise training modulates gut microbiota profile and improves endotoxemia","volume":"52","author":"Motiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12318","article-title":"New risk factors for obesity and diabetes: Environmental chemicals","volume":"6","author":"Jeon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.048","article-title":"Heavy metal exposure causes changes in the metabolic health-associated gut microbiome and metabolites","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0130","article-title":"Roseburia spp.: A marker of health?","volume":"12","author":"Smida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Futur. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-018-8024-4","article-title":"The Ruminococci: Key symbionts of the gut ecosystem","volume":"56","author":"Suen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.4","article-title":"Prevotella in the gut: Choose carefully","volume":"13","author":"Ley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12760","article-title":"The immune response to Prevotella bacteria in chronic inflammatory disease","volume":"151","author":"Larsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00476","article-title":"The Oral Microbiota May Have Influence on Oral Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orr, S.E., and Bridges, C.C. (2017). Chronic Kidney Disease and Exposure to Nephrotoxic Metals. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051039"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1848158","article-title":"Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Zafar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01202","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.01202","article-title":"Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis","volume":"2","author":"Scher","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622600","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.622600","article-title":"Metal-Pseudomonas veronii 2E Interactions as Strategies for Innovative Process Developments in Environmental Biotechnology","volume":"12","author":"Busnelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1517725","article-title":"A next generation probiotic, Akkermansia muciniphila","volume":"59","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnz160","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnz160","article-title":"Influence of oral administration of Akkermansia muciniphila on the tissue distribution and gut microbiota composition of acute and chronic cadmium exposure mice","volume":"366","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-69.8.2011","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides Produced by Probiotic Strains Modify the Adhesion of Probiotics and Enteropathogens to Human Intestinal Mucus","volume":"69","author":"Gueimonde","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(88)90091-1","article-title":"Skeletal changes in multiparous mice fed a nutrient-sufficient diet containing cadmium","volume":"50","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.3.553","article-title":"Influence of Environmental Cadmium Exposure on Forearm Bone Density","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07375.x","article-title":"Ischemic Modification of Cerebrocortical Membranes: 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors, Fluidity, and Inducible In Vitro Lipid Peroxidation","volume":"53","author":"Villacara","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.42","article-title":"Glutathione, Stress Responses, and Redox Signaling in Lung Inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"310","article-title":"Red Cell Metabolism. A Manual of Biochemical Methods. 2nd Edition","volume":"49","author":"Weissman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/3\/2845\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:21:47Z","timestamp":1760120507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/3\/2845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24032845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032845","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]}}}