{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:15:56Z","timestamp":1790770556847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]],"date-time":"2023-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion (KIMST)","award":["20220259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220259"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","award":["20220259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220259"]}]},{"name":"the BB21plus funded by Busan Metropolitan City and Busan Institute for Talent &amp; Lifelong Education (BIT)","award":["20220259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220259"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quercetin 3-O-galactoside (Q3G) is a common dietary flavanol that has been shown to possess several bioactivities, including anti-melanogenesis. However, how Q3G exerts its anti-melanogenic effect has not been studied. The current study, therefore aimed to investigate the anti-melanogenesis potential of Q3G and elucidate the underlying action mechanism in \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (\u03b1-MSH)-induced hyperpigmentation model of B16F10 murine melanoma cells. Results showed that \u03b1-MSH stimulation significantly increased tyrosinase (TYR) and melanin production, which were significantly downregulated by Q3G treatment. The treatment with Q3G suppressed the transcriptional and protein expressions of melanogenesis-related enzymes TYR, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2, along with the melanogenic transcription factor microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in B16F10 cells. It was shown that Q3G downregulated MITF expression and suppressed its transcriptional activity by inhibiting the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated activation of CREB and GSK3\u03b2. In addition, MAPK-regulated MITF activation signaling was also involved in the inhibition of melanin production by Q3G. The results suggest that the anti-melanogenic properties of Q3G rationalize further studies in vivo to confirm its action mechanism and consequent utilization as a cosmetic ingredient against hyperpigmentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:57:32Z","timestamp":1675652252000},"page":"3064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Quercetin 3-O-Galactoside Isolated from Limonium tetragonum Inhibits Melanogenesis by Regulating PKA\/MITF Signaling and ERK Activation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2484-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Karadeniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1888-3249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Hwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Nutritional Education, Graduate School of Education, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngwan","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Convergence on Marine Science, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiho","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-9304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Suk","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maddaleno, A.S., Camargo, J., Mitjans, M., and Vinardell, M.P. 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