{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:32:14Z","timestamp":1791048734191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K10371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K10371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Palladium (Pd) is a component of several alloy types that are widely used in our environment, including several dental alloy types that cause adverse reactions such as hypersensitivity in the oral mucosa. However, the pathological mechanism of intraoral Pd allergies remains unclear because its animal model in the oral mucosa has not been established. In this study, we established a novel murine model of Pd\u2013induced allergies in the oral mucosa, and explored the immune response of cytokine profiles and T cell diversity in terms of the T cell receptor. The Pd\u2013induced allergy mouse was generated by two sensitizations with PdCl2, plus a lipopolysaccharide solution into the postauricular skin followed by a single Pd challenge of the buccal mucosa. Significant swelling and pathological features were histologically evident at five days after the challenge, and CD4\u2013positive T cells producing high levels of T helper 2 type cytokines had accumulated in the allergic oral mucosa. Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire in Palladium allergic mice indicated that Pd\u2013specific T cell populations were limited in V and J genes but were diverse at the clonal level. Our model demonstrated that a Pd\u2013specific T cell population with Th2 type response tendencies may be involved in the Pd\u2013induced intraoral metal contact allergy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T03:34:30Z","timestamp":1675654470000},"page":"3137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Type IVb Hypersensitivity Reaction in the Novel Murine Model of Palladium\u2013Induced Intraoral Allergic Contact Mucositis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Kitaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"},{"name":"Repertoire Genesis Inc., Osaka 567-0085, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sendai Tokushukai Hospital, Sendai 981-3116, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoaki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0392, Japan"},{"name":"Repertoire Genesis Inc., Osaka 567-0085, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2009.01524.x","article-title":"Investigation of contact allergy to dental metals in 206 patients","volume":"60","author":"Raap","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contact Dermat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2019.01.003","article-title":"Current status of dental metal allergy in Japan","volume":"63","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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