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We also noted two populations of polyploid giant cells: those budding surviving offspring, versus those reaching huge ploidy by repeated MS and persisting for several weeks. Their separate roles in the recovery from treatment remained unclear. The current study was devoted to characterising the origin and relationship of these two sub-populations in the context of MS. MS was hallmarked by the emergence of nuclear YAP1\/OCT4A\/MOS\/EMI2-positivity featuring a soma-germ transition to the meiotic-metaphase-arrested \u201cmaternal germ cell\u201d. In silico, the link between modules identified in the inflammatory innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and the reproductive module of female pregnancy (upregulating placenta developmental genes) was observed in polyploid giant cells. Asymmetry of the two subnuclei types, one repairing DNA and releasing buds enriched by CDC42\/ACTIN\/TUBULIN and the other persisting and degrading DNA in a polyploid giant cell, was revealed. We propose that when arrested in MS, a \u201cmaternal cancer germ cell\u201d may be parthenogenetically stimulated by the placental proto-oncogene parathyroid-hormone-like-hormone, increasing calcium, thus creating a \u201dfemale pregnancy-like\u201d system within a single polyploid giant cancer cell.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T01:56:48Z","timestamp":1675735008000},"page":"3237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Mitotic Slippage in Creating a \u201cFemale Pregnancy-like System\u201d in a Single Polyploid Giant Cancer Cell"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kristine","family":"Salmina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninel Miriam","family":"Vainshelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, The University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3116-0886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madara","family":"Kreishmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inna","family":"Inashkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark Steven","family":"Cragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3993-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dace","family":"Pjanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-7775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jekaterina","family":"Erenpreisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cancer\/testis (CT) Antigens\u2014A New Link between Gametogenesis and Cancer","volume":"1","author":"Old","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Immun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2867-5-4","article-title":"Cancer\/testis Antigens and Gametogenesis: A Review and \u201cBrain-Storming\u201d Session","volume":"5","author":"Kalejs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Cancer Is a Somatic Cell Pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Old","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Immun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salmina, K., Bojko, A., Inashkina, I., Staniak, K., Dudkowska, M., Podlesniy, P., Rumnieks, F., Vainshelbaum, N.M., Pjanova, D., and Sikora, E. 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