{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:48:19Z","timestamp":1787028499655,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plants are considered a wealthy resource of novel natural drugs effective in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Here, a bioguided purification of Ephedra foeminea extracts was performed to identify bioactive compounds. The determination of antimicrobial properties was achieved by broth microdilution assays to evaluate minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses (CLSM) to investigate the antibiofilm capacity of the isolated compounds. Assays were performed on a panel of three gram-positive and three gram-negative bacterial strains. Six compounds were isolated from E. foeminea extracts for the first time. They were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses as the well-known monoterpenoid phenols carvacrol and thymol and as four acylated kaempferol glycosides. Among them, the compound kaempferol-3-O-\u03b1-L-(2\u2033,4\u2033-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside was found to be endowed with strong antibacterial properties and significant antibiofilm activity against S. aureus bacterial strains. Moreover, molecular docking studies on this compound suggested that the antibacterial activity of the tested ligand against S. aureus strains might be correlated to the inhibition of Sortase A and\/or of tyrosyl tRNA synthase. Collectively, the results achieved open interesting perspectives to kaempferol-3-O-\u03b1-L-(2\u2033,4\u2033-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnopyranoside applicability in different fields, such as biomedical applications and biotechnological purposes such as food preservation and active packaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1675825305000},"page":"3284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ephedra foeminea as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Compounds to Fight Multidrug Resistance Phenotype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6417-3432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shurooq","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus 97300, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2391-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Gaglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0609-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srichandan","family":"Padhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur 795004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit K.","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur 795004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0916-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghadeer","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus 97300, Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Cimmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8269-6459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Arciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2006.709.4","article-title":"Antibacterial and Antioxident Properties of Essential Oils: Their Potential Applications in the Food Industries","volume":"709","author":"Svoboda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.04.005","article-title":"Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Philippine medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria","volume":"5","author":"Valle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. 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