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The most common are Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease; in both cases, diagnosis is based on clinical tests with limited capability to discriminate between similar neurodegenerative disorders and detect the early stages of the disease. It is common that by the time a patient is diagnosed with the disease, the level of neurodegeneration is already severe. Thus, it is critical to find new diagnostic methods that allow earlier and more accurate disease detection. This study reviews the methods available for the clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and potentially interesting new technologies. Neuroimaging techniques are the most widely used in clinical practice, and new techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have significantly improved the diagnosis quality. Identifying biomarkers in peripheral samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid is a major focus of the current research on neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery of good markers could allow preventive screening to identify early or asymptomatic stages of the neurodegenerative process. These methods, in combination with artificial intelligence, could contribute to the generation of predictive models that will help clinicians in the early diagnosis, stratification, and prognostic assessment of patients, leading to improvements in patient treatment and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1675825305000},"page":"3321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Review of Technological Challenges in Personalised Medicine and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celtia","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Egiguren-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jone","family":"Razquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48940 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"G\u00f3mez-Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9728-8730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"De las Heras-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Paredes-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egoitz","family":"Astigarraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6624-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Migu\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48940 Barakaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8330-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Barreda-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovacs, G.G. 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