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Varied mechanisms of injury contribute to the heterogeneity of this patient population as demonstrated by the multiple published grading scales and diverse required criteria leading to diagnoses from mild to severe. TBI pathophysiology is classically separated into a primary injury that is characterized by local tissue destruction as a result of the initial blow, followed by a secondary phase of injury constituted by a score of incompletely understood cellular processes including reperfusion injury, disruption to the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and metabolic dysregulation. There are currently no effective pharmacological treatments in the wide-spread use for TBI, in large part due to challenges associated with the development of clinically representative in vitro and in vivo models. Poloxamer 188 (P188), a Food and Drug Administration-approved amphiphilic triblock copolymer embeds itself into the plasma membrane of damaged cells. P188 has been shown to have neuroprotective properties on various cell types. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the current literature on in vitro models of TBI treated with P188.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1675825305000},"page":"3334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["P188 Therapy in In Vitro Models of Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5905-3156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Zargari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luise J.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albertinen Krankenhaus, 22457 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-5757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias L.","family":"Riess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TVHS VA Medical Center, Anesthesiology, Nashville, TN 37212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6228-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Barajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TVHS VA Medical Center, Anesthesiology, Nashville, TN 37212, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Get the Facts about TBI|Concussion|Traumatic Brain Injury|CDC Injury Center (2022, November 25). 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