{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:34:16Z","timestamp":1789094056084,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitiligo is a chronic pigmentary disease with complex etiology, the signs of which are caused by the destruction of melanocytes in the epidermis, leading to the lack of melanin pigment responsible for skin coloration. The treatment of vitiligo, which aims at repigmentation, depends both on the clinical characteristics of the disease as well as on molecular markers that may predict the response to treatment. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical evidence for vitiligo cell-based therapies taking into account the required procedures and equipment necessary to carry them out as well as their effectiveness in repigmentation, assessed using the percentage of repigmentation of the treated area. This review was conducted by assessing 55 primary clinical studies published in PubMed and ClinicalTrails.gov between 2000 and 2022. This review concludes that the extent of repigmentation, regardless of the treatment method, is highest in stable localized vitiligo patients. Moreover, therapies that combine more than one cell type, such as melanocytes and keratinocytes, or more than one method of treatment, such as the addition of NV-UVB to another treatment, increase the chances of &gt;90% repigmentation. Lastly, this review concludes that various body parts respond differently to all treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:01:45Z","timestamp":1675825305000},"page":"3357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Current Status of Cell-Based Therapies for Vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7672-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Domaszewska-Szostek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-0620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CD2 1TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8167-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"S\u0142upecka-Ziemilska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Krzy\u017canowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Department of Ophthalmology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Puzianowska-Ku\u017anicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Autologous Transplanted Epidermal Cell Suspensions for Repigmenting Vitiligo","volume":"140","author":"Ongenae","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00032.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of Vitiligo and Associated Autoimmune Diseases in Caucasian Probands and Their Families","volume":"16","author":"Alkhateeb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Comprehensive Overview","volume":"65","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.10.043","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Comprehensive Overview","volume":"65","author":"Felsten","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_142_18","article-title":"Vitiligo and Psychiatric Morbidity: A Profile from a Vitiligo Clinic of a Rural-Based Tertiary Care Center of Eastern India","volume":"63","author":"Sarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"45","article-title":"Investigation of Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Vitiligo: Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Vitiligo","volume":"14","author":"Bonotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"JDDG J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.102362","article-title":"A Descriptive Study to Characterize Segmental Vitiligo","volume":"78","author":"Khaitan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16028","article-title":"Cultured Epidermal Autografts for Treatment of Stable Vitiligo: Quantitative Analysis of Color Matching with Surrounding Normally Pigmented Skin","volume":"48","author":"Toriyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.92","article-title":"A New View of Vitiligo: Looking at Normal-Appearing Skin","volume":"135","author":"Picardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2022, November 20). Available online: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2022, November 20). Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.18942","article-title":"A Study of Autologous Melanocyte Transfer in Treatment of Stable Vitiligo","volume":"71","author":"Pandya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2013.09.004","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Cultured versus Non Cultured Melanocyte Transfer in the Management of Stable Vitiligo","volume":"70","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.08.003","article-title":"Treatment of Recalcitrant Vitiligo by Autologous Non-Cultured and Trypsinized Melanocyte Grafting in the West of Iran","volume":"97","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2022","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thingnes, J., Lavelle, T.J., Hovig, E., and Omholt, S.W. (2012). Understanding the Melanocyte Distribution in Human Epidermis: An Agent-Based Computational Model Approach. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040377"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2000.tb02201.x","article-title":"Transplant of Cultured Autologous Pure Melanocytes after Laser-Abrasion for the Treatment of Segmental Vitiligo","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03824.x","article-title":"Treatment of Vitiligo in Children and Adolescents by Autologous Cultured Pure Melanocytes Transplantation with Comparison of Efficacy to Results in Adults: Melanocyte Transplantation in Children with Vitiligo","volume":"25","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/532139","article-title":"Amniotic Membrane as a Scaffold for Melanocyte Transplantation in Patients with Stable Vitiligo","volume":"2011","author":"Redondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10234.x","article-title":"Noncultured Extracted Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Cell Suspension for Transplantation in Vitiligo: ORS Cell Transplantation in Vitiligo","volume":"164","author":"Mohanty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12426","article-title":"Clinical and Treatment Characteristics Determining Therapeutic Outcome in Patients Undergoing Autologous Non-Cultured Outer Root Sheath Hair Follicle Cell Suspension for Treatment of Stable Vitiligo","volume":"29","author":"Vinay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7753.188042","article-title":"A Study of Noncultured Extracted Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Cell Suspension for Transplantation in Vitiligo","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Trichol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13759","article-title":"Study of Efficacy and Safety of Noncultured, Extracted Follicular Outer Root Sheath Cell Suspension Transplantation in the Management of Stable Vitiligo","volume":"57","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_261_18","article-title":"Experimental Study and Clinical Observations of Autologous Hair Follicle Cell Transplants to Treat Stable Vitiligo","volume":"86","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_189_19","article-title":"A Comparative Study between Follicular Unit Transplantation and Autologous Non-Cultured Non-Trypsinized Epidermal Cells Grafting (Jodhpur Technique) in Stable Vitiligo","volume":"13","author":"Lamoria","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12600","article-title":"The First Transepidermal Transplantation of Non-Cultured Epidermal Suspension Using a Dermarolling System in Vitiligo: A Sequential Histological and Clinical Study","volume":"30","author":"Benzekri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3949","article-title":"Detection of Auto Antibodies and Transplantation of Cultured Autologous Melanocytes for the Treatment of Vitiligo","volume":"13","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04837.x","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up of Leucoderma Patients Treated with Transplants of Autologous Cultured Melanocytes, Ultrathin Epidermal Sheets and Basal Cell Layer Suspension","volume":"147","author":"Olsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.12.013","article-title":"Treatment of Vitiligo by Transplantation of Cultured Pure Melanocyte Suspension: Analysis of 120 Cases","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2012.24.2.115","article-title":"Role of Keratinocytes in the Development of Vitiligo","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-013-0875-7","article-title":"Treatment of Vitiligo with Autologous Cultured Keratinocytes in 27 Cases","volume":"36","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70024-A","article-title":"Autologous Grafting with Non-cultured Melanocytes: A Simplified Method for Treatment of Depigmented Lesions","volume":"26","author":"Gauthier","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1948.2","article-title":"Pigment Spread and Cell Heredity in Guinea-Pigs\u2019 Skin","volume":"2","author":"Billingham","year":"1948","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2001.140207.x","article-title":"Keratinocytes Suppress TRP-1 Expression and Reduce Cell Number of Co-Cultured Melanocytes\u2014Implications For Grafting of Patients with Vitiligo: Keratinocytes Down-Regulate Melanocyte Number and Pigmentation","volume":"14","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pigment. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-010-1034-7","article-title":"Intraepidermal Injection of Dissociated Epidermal Cell Suspension Improves Vitiligo","volume":"302","author":"Khodadadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.10.007","article-title":"A Single-Arm Open-Label Clinical Trial of Autologous Epidermal Cell Transplantation for Stable Vitiligo: A 30-Month Follow-Up","volume":"89","author":"Orouji","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2015.1034068","article-title":"Blister Roof Grafting, Cultured Melanocytes Transplantation and Non-Cultured Epidermal Cell Suspension Transplantation in Treating Stable Vitiligo: A Mutual Self-Control Study","volume":"26","author":"Bao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12007","article-title":"Comparison between Autologous Noncultured Epidermal Cell Suspension and Suction Blister Epidermal Grafting in Stable Vitiligo: A Randomized Study","volume":"167","author":"Budania","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12325","article-title":"Comparison between Autologous Noncultured Extracted Hair Follicle Outer Root Sheath Cell Suspension and Autologous Noncultured Epidermal Cell Suspension in the Treatment of Stable Vitiligo: A Randomized Study","volume":"169","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000962","article-title":"Effect of Procedural-Related Variables on Melanocyte\u2013Keratinocyte Suspension Transplantation in Nonsegmental Stable Vitiligo: A Clinical and Immunocytochemical Study","volume":"43","author":"Esmat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.178","article-title":"Evaluation of Repigmentation with Cultured Melanocyte Transplantation (CMT) Compared with Non-Cultured Epidermal Cell Transplantation in Vitiligo at 12th Week Reveals Better Repigmentation with CMT","volume":"135","author":"Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.004","article-title":"Combined Epidermal and Follicular Cell Suspension as a Novel Surgical Approach for Acral Vitiligo","volume":"76","author":"Razmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02177.x","article-title":"Juhlin Leucoderma Treated by Transplantation of a Basal Cell Layer Enriched Suspension: BASAL CELL TRANSPLANT FOR LEUCODERMA","volume":"138","author":"Olsson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2003.01628.x","article-title":"Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Cell Transplantation for Stable Vitiligo","volume":"42","author":"Mulekar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.01.056","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up of Patients Undergoing Autologous Noncultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Transplantation for Vitiligo and Other Leukodermas","volume":"77","author":"Griffith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2017.01.001","article-title":"Vitiligo surgery: Shuffling melanocytes","volume":"18","author":"Nahhas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15411","article-title":"Six-year Follow-up of Vitiligo Patients Successfully Treated with Autologous Non-cultured Melanocyte\u2013Keratinocyte Transplantation","volume":"33","author":"Altalhab","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.10.1211","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up Study of Segmental and Focal Vitiligo Treated by Autologous, Noncultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Cell Transplantation","volume":"140","author":"Mulekar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2005.02226.x","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up Study of 142 Patients with Vitiligo Vulgaris Treated by Autologous, Non-Cultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Cell Transplantation: Vitiligo Vulgaris Patients Treated by Epidermal Cell Transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Mulekar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1737","article-title":"Genital Vitiligo Treated by Autologous, Noncultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Cell Transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Mulekar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03946.x","article-title":"Non-Cultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Transplantation for the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Clinical Trial in an Iranian Population: Cell Grafting for Vitiligo","volume":"25","author":"Toossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Treatment of Vitiligo with a Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Cell Suspension versus Dermabrasion Only: A Pilot Study with a 12-Month Follow Up","volume":"10","author":"Welsh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2010.01856.x","article-title":"App.M.; De La Sotta, P.; Uribe, P. Melanocytes and Keratinocytes Transfer Using Sandpaper Technique Combined with Dermabrasion for Stable Vitiligo","volume":"37","author":"Quezada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.05.002","article-title":"Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Transplantation Procedure in the Treatment of Vitiligo: The Experience of an Academic Medical Center in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Huggins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12674","article-title":"The Additive Effect of Excimer Laser on Non-Cultured Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Transplantation for the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Clinical Trial in an Iranian Population","volume":"29","author":"Ebadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"66","article-title":"Treatment of Vitiligo on Difficult-to-Treat Sites Using Autologous Noncultured Cellular Grafting","volume":"35","author":"Mulekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03759.x","article-title":"Autologous Melanocyte-Keratinocyte Suspension in the Treatment of Vitiligo: MC-KC Suspension in Treatment of Vitiligo","volume":"25","author":"Zaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12040","article-title":"Acral Vitiligo and Lesions over Joints Treated with Non-Cultured Epidermal Cell Suspension Transplantation","volume":"38","author":"Holla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20175700","article-title":"Evaluation of Treatment Response to Autologous Transplantation of Noncultured Melanocyte\/Keratinocyte Cell Suspension in Patients with Stable Vitiligo","volume":"92","author":"Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10540.x","article-title":"Repigmentation of Leucotrichia in Vitiligo with Noncultured Cellular Grafting: Leucotrichia Repigmentation with Noncultured Cellular Grafting","volume":"166","author":"Gan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2009.00978.x","article-title":"Childhood Vitiligo: A Long-Term Study of Localized Vitiligo Treated by Non-cultured Cellular Grafting","volume":"27","author":"Mulekar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04065.x","article-title":"Noncultured Epidermal Suspension Transplantation for the Treatment of Stable Vitiligo in Children and Adolescents: Noncultured Melanocyte Transplantation in Children and Adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Sahni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"273","article-title":"Treatment of Stable Vitiligo by ReCell System","volume":"17","author":"Cervelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"507","article-title":"Treatment of Vitiligo Lesions by ReCell \u00ae vs. Conventional Melanocyte\u2013Keratinocyte Transplantation: A Pilot Study","volume":"19","author":"Mulekar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"691","article-title":"Treatment of Stable Vitiligo Hands by ReCell System: A Preliminary Report","volume":"14","author":"Cervelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/JCAS.JCAS_190_19","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Non-Cultured Epidermal Cell Suspension and Epidermal Curettage in Stable Vitiligo","volume":"14","author":"Tyagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0781.2003.00039.x","article-title":"Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B Treatment for Vitiligo, Pruritus, and Inflammatory Dermatoses: Narrow-Band UVB Treatment","volume":"19","author":"Gielczyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12444","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Study of the Effects of Different Modalities of Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B Therapy on the Outcome of Cultured Autologous Melanocytes Transplantation in Treating Vitiligo","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001174","article-title":"Successful Treatment of Stable Vitiligo by Low-Density Cultured Autologous Melanocyte Transplantation Combined With Narrowband Ultraviolet B Therapy","volume":"43","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"873","article-title":"Modified Technique of Autologous Noncultured Epidermal Cell Transplantation for Repigmenting Vitiligo: A Pilot Study","volume":"27","author":"Ongenae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12194","article-title":"The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Outcome of Short-Term Narrowband-Ultraviolet B Phototherapy in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14286","article-title":"Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Suspend Non-cultured Epidermal Cell Suspension Improves Repigmentation after Autologous Transplantation in Stable Vitiligo: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"58","author":"Parambath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1619657","article-title":"The Clinical Efficacy of Treatment Using the Autologous Non-Cultured Epidermal Cell Suspension Technique for Stable Vitiligo in 41 Patients","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"(2022, November 20). Available online: https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2017\/1215\/p797.html."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"316","article-title":"Comparison of Skin Transcriptome between Responder and Non-Responder Vitiligo Lesions to Cell Transplantation: A Clinical Trial Study","volume":"24","author":"Abdolahzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell J."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5756","article-title":"Surgical Interventions for Patients With Vitiligo: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Ju","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"101","article-title":"Assessment of Non-Cultured Autologous Epidermal Cell Grafting Resuspended in Hyaluronic Acid for Repigmenting Vitiligo and Piebaldism Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"2021","author":"Bertolotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.193671","article-title":"Comparative Study of Efficacy of Epidermal Melanocyte Transfer Versus Hair Follicular Melanocyte Transfer in Stable Vitiligo","volume":"61","author":"Donaparthi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/4\/3357\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:27:41Z","timestamp":1760120861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/4\/3357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24043357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}}}