{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:00:48Z","timestamp":1792652448542,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a transmembrane pseudoreceptor structurally related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 type 1 receptors (TGF-\u03b21Rs). BAMBI lacks a kinase domain and functions as a TGF-\u03b21R antagonist. Essential processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation are regulated by TGF-\u03b21R signaling. TGF-\u03b2 is the best-studied ligand of TGF-\u03b2Rs and has an eminent role in inflammation and fibrogenesis. Liver fibrosis is the end stage of almost all chronic liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and at the moment, there is no effective anti-fibrotic therapy available. Hepatic BAMBI is downregulated in rodent models of liver injury and in the fibrotic liver of patients, suggesting that low BAMBI has a role in liver fibrosis. Experimental evidence convincingly demonstrated that BAMBI overexpression is able to protect against liver fibrosis. Chronic liver diseases have a high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and BAMBI was shown to exert tumor-promoting as well as tumor-protective functions. This review article aims to summarize relevant studies on hepatic BAMBI expression and its role in chronic liver diseases and HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T02:56:13Z","timestamp":1675997773000},"page":"3473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Expression and Function of BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) in Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7480-8828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Treeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5635-3994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christa","family":"Buechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3701-2-9","article-title":"Regulation of TGF-beta receptor activity","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.09.003","article-title":"Receptor binding competition: A paradigm for regulating TGF-beta family action","volume":"57","author":"Sundan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155415627681","article-title":"TGF-beta\/SMAD Pathway and Its Regulation in Hepatic Fibrosis","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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