{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:08:30Z","timestamp":1783400910155,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","award":["SUBZ.B040.23.048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B040.23.048"]}]},{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","award":["503\/1-138-01\/503-51-001-19-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-138-01\/503-51-001-19-00"]}]},{"name":"University of \u0141od\u017a","award":["SUBZ.B040.23.048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B040.23.048"]}]},{"name":"University of \u0141od\u017a","award":["503\/1-138-01\/503-51-001-19-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-138-01\/503-51-001-19-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chemical composition and physical parameters of the implant surface, such as roughness, regulate the cellular response leading to implant bone osseointegration. Possible implant surface modifications include anodization or the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment process that produces a thick and dense oxide coating superior to normal anodic oxidation. Experimental modifications with Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) titanium and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V plates and PEO additionally treated with low-pressure oxygen plasma (PEO-S) were used in this study to evaluate their physical and chemical properties. Cytotoxicity of experimental titanium samples as well as cell adhesion to their surface were assessed using normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) or L929 cell line. Moreover, the surface roughness, fractal dimension analysis, and texture analysis were calculated. Samples after surface treatment have substantially improved properties compared to the reference SLA (sandblasted and acid-etched) surface. The surface roughness (Sa) was 0.59\u20132.38 \u00b5m, and none of the tested surfaces had cytotoxic effect on NHDF and L929 cell lines. A greater cell growth of NHDF was observed on the tested PEO and PEO-S samples compared to reference SLA sample titanium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1676258926000},"page":"3603","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An Experimental Anodized and Low-Pressure Oxygen Plasma-Treated Titanium Dental Implant Surface\u2014Preliminary Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Hadzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0667-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Jurczyszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8742-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"G\u0119barowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5981-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Trytek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Gedrange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9200-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kozakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Military Medicine, Medical University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, 90-419 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Dominiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kubasiewicz-Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery Medical, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Wroc\u0142aw, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Trzcionka-Szajna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoPrime, 39-200 D\u0119bica, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7666-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Szajna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WEA Techlab, 41-301 D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2648-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Simka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11300","article-title":"Titanium and titanium alloys in dentistry: Current trends, recent developments, and future prospects","volume":"8","author":"Hoque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbx027","article-title":"Binary titanium alloys as dental implant materials-a review","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regen. 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