{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:37:05Z","timestamp":1782862625984,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]],"date-time":"2023-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hannah\u2019s Willberry Wonder pony Charity","award":["1166416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1166416"]}]},{"name":"Hannah\u2019s Willberry Wonder pony Charity","award":["201819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201819"]}]},{"name":"University of Southampton","award":["1166416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1166416"]}]},{"name":"University of Southampton","award":["201819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201819"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bone cancer osteosarcoma, found mainly in adolescents, routinely forms around the growth plate\/metaphysis of long bones. Bone marrow composition changes with age, shifting from a more hematopoietic to an adipocyte-rich tissue. This conversion occurs in the metaphysis during adolescence, implicating a link between bone marrow conversion and osteosarcoma initiation. To assess this, the tri-lineage differentiation potential of human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) isolated from the femoral diaphysis\/metaphysis (FD) and epiphysis (FE) was characterized and compared to two osteosarcoma cell lines, Saos-2 and MG63. Compared to FE-cells, FD-cells showed an increase in tri-lineage differentiation. Additionally, differences were found between the Saos-2 cells exhibiting higher levels of osteogenic differentiation, lower adipogenic differentiation, and a more developed chondrogenic phenotype than MG63, with the Saos-2 being more comparable to FD-derived HBMSCs. The differences found between the FD and FE derived cells are consistent with the FD region containing more hematopoietic tissue compared to the FE. This may be related to the similarities between FD-derived cells and Saos-2 cells during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. These studies reveal distinct differences in the tri-lineage differentiations of \u2018hematopoietic\u2019 and \u2018adipocyte rich\u2019 bone marrow, which correlate with specific characteristics of the two osteosarcoma cell lines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1676258926000},"page":"3667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tri-Lineage Differentiation Potential of Osteosarcoma Cell Lines and Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Different Anatomical Locations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-1981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"},{"name":"Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet C.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Beers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-0414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janos M.","family":"Kanczler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Research Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2019.100230","article-title":"Risk and clinicopathological features of osteosarcoma metastasis to the lung: A population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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