{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T20:48:28Z","timestamp":1772138908713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China","award":["MOST 109-2320-B-241-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2320-B-241-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be approximately about 25.24% of the population worldwide. NAFLD is a complex syndrome and is characterized by a simple benign hepatocyte steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis in the liver pathology. Phellinus linteus (PL) is traditionally used as a hepatoprotective supplement. Styrylpyrone-enriched extract (SPEE) obtained from the PL mycelia has been shown to have potential inhibition effects on high-fat- and high-fructose-diet-induced NAFLD. In the continuous study, we aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of SPEE on free fatty acid mixture O\/P [oleic acid (OA): palmitic acid (PA); 2:1, molar ratio]-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Results showed that SPEE presented the highest free radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS, and reducing power on ferric ions, better than that of partitions obtained from n-hexane, n-butanol and distilled water. In free-fatty-acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, SPEE showed an inhibition effect on O\/P-induced lipid accumulation of 27% at a dosage of 500 \u03bcg\/mL. As compared to the O\/P induction group, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were enhanced by 73%, 67% and 35%, respectively, in the SPEE group. In addition, the inflammatory factors (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2) were significantly down-regulated by the SPEE treatment. The expressions of anti-adipogenic genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism of 5\u2019 adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1\u03b1) were enhanced in the SPEE supplemented HepG2 cells. In the protein expression study, p-AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC1-\u03b1 were significantly increased to 121, 72 and 62%, respectively, after the treatment of SPEE. Conclusively, the styrylpyrone-enriched extract SPEE can ameliorate lipid accumulation and decrease inflammation and oxidative stress through the activation of SIRT1\/AMPK\/PGC1-\u03b1 pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1676258926000},"page":"3672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Inhibitory Effect of Styrylpyrone Extract of Phellinus linteus on Hepatic Steatosis in HepG2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Chun-Hung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University\u2014Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jie","family":"Lieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grape King Biotechnology Center, Longtan District, Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3396-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Chao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charng-Cherng","family":"Chyau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Y.","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: A consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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