{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:24:10Z","timestamp":1793384650072,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 EY029728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY029728"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01 EY026936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026936"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["P30 EY031631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY031631"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that serve as regulatory molecules in a variety of pathways such as inflammation, metabolism, homeostasis, cell machinery, and development. With the progression of sequencing methods and modern bioinformatics tools, novel roles of microRNAs in regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological states continue to expand. Advances in detection methods have further enabled larger adoption of studies utilizing minimal sample volumes, allowing the analysis of microRNAs in low-volume biofluids, such as the aqueous humor and tear fluid. The reported abundance of extracellular microRNAs in these biofluids has prompted studies to explore their biomarker potential. This review compiles the current literature reporting microRNAs in human tear fluid and their association with ocular diseases including dry eye disease, Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, keratitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, glaucoma, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy, as well as non-ocular diseases, including Alzheimer\u2019s and breast cancer. We also summarize the known roles of these microRNAs and shed light on the future progression of this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1676258926000},"page":"3694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Tear Film MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Altman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.05.001","article-title":"An overview of microRNAs","volume":"87","author":"Hammond","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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