{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:33:51Z","timestamp":1790980431440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre of Science","award":["UMO 2014\/13\/D\/NZ5\/03337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO 2014\/13\/D\/NZ5\/03337"]}]},{"name":"National Centre of Science","award":["MAB\/2018\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAB\/2018\/10"]}]},{"name":"BRAINCITY","award":["UMO 2014\/13\/D\/NZ5\/03337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO 2014\/13\/D\/NZ5\/03337"]}]},{"name":"BRAINCITY","award":["MAB\/2018\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAB\/2018\/10"]}]},{"name":"European Union under the European Regional Development Fund","award":["UMO 2014\/13\/D\/NZ5\/03337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO 2014\/13\/D\/NZ5\/03337"]}]},{"name":"European Union under the European Regional Development Fund","award":["MAB\/2018\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAB\/2018\/10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenitally deaf children who undergo cochlear implantation before 1 year of age develop their auditory skills faster than children who are implanted later. In this longitudinal study, a cohort of 59 implanted children were divided into two subgroups according to their ages at implantation\u2014below or above 1 year old\u2014and the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and pro-BDNF were measured at 0, 8, and 18 months after cochlear implant activation, while auditory development was simultaneously evaluated using the LittlEARs Questionnaire (LEAQ). A control group consisted of 49 age-matched healthy children. We identified statistically higher BDNF levels at 0 months and at the 18-month follow-ups in the younger subgroup compared to the older one and lower LEAQ scores at 0 months in the younger subgroup. Between the subgroups, there were significant differences in the changes in BDNF levels from 0 to 8 months and in LEAQ scores from 0 to 18 months. The MMP-9 levels significantly decreased from 0 to 18 months and from 0 to 8 months in both subgroups and from 8 to 18 months only in the older one. For all measured protein concentrations, significant differences were identified between the older study subgroup and the age-matched control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T03:28:46Z","timestamp":1676258926000},"page":"3714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in BDNF and MMP-9 Protein Plasma Levels in Children after Cochlear Implantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1138-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Matusiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oto-Rhino-Laryngosurgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, M Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"World Hearing Centre, Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Ozi\u0119b\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Hearing Centre, Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, M Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4216-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"O\u0142dak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Hearing Centre, Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, M Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Rejmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, L Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Kaczmarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, L Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7141-9851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henryk","family":"Skar\u017cy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oto-Rhino-Laryngosurgery Clinic, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, M Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"World Hearing Centre, Mokra 17, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0911225","article-title":"Profound deafness in childhood","volume":"363","author":"Kral","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. 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