{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:42:25Z","timestamp":1785796945068,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["DEC-2013\/09\/B\/NZ5\/00758"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEC-2013\/09\/B\/NZ5\/00758"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asthma heterogeneity complicates the search for targeted treatment against airway inflammation and remodeling. We sought to investigate relations between eosinophilic inflammation, a phenotypic feature frequent in severe asthma, bronchial epithelial transcriptome, and functional and structural measures of airway remodeling. We compared epithelial gene expression, spirometry, airway cross-sectional geometry (computed tomography), reticular basement membrane thickness (histology), and blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokines of n = 40 moderate to severe eosinophilic (EA) and non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) patients distinguished by BAL eosinophilia. EA patients showed a similar extent of airway remodeling as NEA but had an increased expression of genes involved in the immune response and inflammation (e.g., KIR3DS1), reactive oxygen species generation (GYS2, ATPIF1), cell activation and proliferation (ANK3), cargo transporting (RAB4B, CPLX2), and tissue remodeling (FBLN1, SOX14, GSN), and a lower expression of genes involved in epithelial integrity (e.g., GJB1) and histone acetylation (SIN3A). Genes co-expressed in EA were involved in antiviral responses (e.g., ATP1B1), cell migration (EPS8L1, STOML3), cell adhesion (RAPH1), epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (ASB3), and airway hyperreactivity and remodeling (FBN3, RECK), and several were linked to asthma in genome- (e.g., MRPL14, ASB3) or epigenome-wide association studies (CLC, GPI, SSCRB4, STRN4). Signaling pathways inferred from the co-expression pattern were associated with airway remodeling (e.g., TGF-\u03b2\/Smad2\/3, E2F\/Rb, and Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T03:09:32Z","timestamp":1676344172000},"page":"3789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Co-Expression Analysis of Airway Epithelial Transcriptome in Asthma Patients with Eosinophilic vs. Non-Eosinophilic Airway Infiltration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Kozlik-Siwiec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Haematology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Buregwa-Czuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Zawlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Dziedzina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Myszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Zuk-Kuwik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Haematology Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2258-0248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andzelika","family":"Siwiec-Kozlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Clinical Department, University Hospital, 31-688 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Zarychta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Pulmonary Hospital, 34-736 Zakopane, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Okon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 33-332 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lech","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Soja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0444-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Jakiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Kepski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan G.","family":"Bazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9634-0963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislawa","family":"Bazan-Socha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13501","article-title":"The relationship of airway structural changes to blood and bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers, and lung function abnormalities in asthma","volume":"50","author":"Kozlik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. 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