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A lot of the osteoimmunology mediators are regulated by interleukin-20 (IL-20). However, little is known about the role of IL-20 in bone remodeling. Here, we showed that IL-20 expression was correlated with osteoclast (OC) activity in remodeled alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Ovariectomize (OVX) in rats promoted OC activity and enhanced IL-20 expression, while blocking OC inhibited IL-20 expression in osteoclasts. In vitro, IL-20 treatment promoted survival, inhibited apoptosis of the preosteoclast at the early stages of osteoclast differentiation, and boosted the formation of osteoclasts and their bone resorption function at the late stages. More importantly, anti-IL-20 antibody treatment blocked IL-20-induced osteoclastogenesis and the subsequent bone resorption function. Mechanistically, we showed that IL-20 synergistically acts with RANKL to activate the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway to promote the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 to promote osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, we found that local injection of IL-20 or anti-IL-20 antibody enhanced osteoclast activity and accelerated OTM in rats, while blocking IL-20 reversed this phenomenon. This study revealed a previously unknown role of IL-20 in regulating alveolar bone remodeling and implies the application of IL-20 to accelerated OTM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T02:31:23Z","timestamp":1676428283000},"page":"3810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dual Role of Interleukin-20 in Different Stages of Osteoclast Differentiation and Its Osteoimmune Regulation during Alveolar Bone Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Bowen","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoran","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chufeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9680-0077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxing","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China"},{"name":"South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00036.2016","article-title":"Osteoimmunology: The Conceptual Framework Unifying the Immune and Skeletal 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