{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:37:34Z","timestamp":1781534254227,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut microbiota regulates essential processes of host metabolism and physiology: synthesis of vitamins, digestion of foods non-digestible by the host (such as fibers), and\u2014most important\u2014protects the digestive tract from pathogens. In this study, we focus on the CRISPR\/Cas9 technology, which is extensively used to correct multiple diseases, including liver diseases. Then, we discuss the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting more than 25% of the global population; colorectal cancer (CRC) is second in mortality. We give space to rarely discussed topics, such as pathobionts and multiple mutations. Pathobionts help to understand the origin and complexity of the microbiota. Since several types of cancers have as target the gut, it is vital extending the research of multiple mutations to the type of cancers affecting the gut\u2013liver axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1676430561000},"page":"3883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Microbiota\u2013Liver Diseases Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Capparelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Cuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9768-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Iannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104816","article-title":"Host-bacterial mutualism in the human intestine","volume":"307","author":"Ley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2017.01.011","article-title":"Inflammatory disease caused by intestinal pathobionts","volume":"35","author":"Zechner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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