{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:25:50Z","timestamp":1767864350569,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LE 2498\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE 2498\/11-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OP 86\/12-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OP 86\/12-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB\/TR84"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB\/TR84"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["360372040\u2014SFB 1335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["360372040\u2014SFB 1335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAPVAP FKZ 16GW0247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAPVAP FKZ 16GW0247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["834154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["834154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["LE 2498\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE 2498\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["OP 86\/12-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OP 86\/12-1"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["SFB\/TR84"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB\/TR84"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["360372040\u2014SFB 1335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["360372040\u2014SFB 1335"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["MAPVAP FKZ 16GW0247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAPVAP FKZ 16GW0247"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["834154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["834154"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["LE 2498\/11-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LE 2498\/11-1"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["OP 86\/12-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OP 86\/12-1"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["SFB\/TR84"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB\/TR84"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["360372040\u2014SFB 1335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["360372040\u2014SFB 1335"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["MAPVAP FKZ 16GW0247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAPVAP FKZ 16GW0247"]}]},{"name":"European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["834154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["834154"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia after the inhalation of contaminated aerosols and replication in alveolar macrophages. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified that contribute to the recognition of L. pneumophila by the innate immune system. However, the function of the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are mainly expressed by macrophages and other myeloid cells, remains largely unexplored. Here, we used a library of CLR-Fc fusion proteins to search for CLRs that can bind the bacterium and identified the specific binding of CLEC12A to L. pneumophila. Subsequent infection experiments in human and murine macrophages, however, did not provide evidence for a substantial role of CLEC12A in controlling innate immune responses to the bacterium. Consistently, antibacterial and inflammatory responses to Legionella lung infection were not significantly influenced by CLEC12A deficiency. Collectively, CLEC12A is able to bind to L. pneumophila-derived ligands but does not appear to play a major role in the innate defense against L. pneumophila.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:09:21Z","timestamp":1676430561000},"page":"3891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CLEC12A Binds to Legionella pneumophila but Has No Impact on the Host\u2019s Antibacterial Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ann-Brit","family":"Klatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Diersing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Lippmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Vector Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Mayer-Lambertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Stegmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swantje","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Caesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Facundo","family":"Fiocca Vernengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"H\u00f6nzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus\u2014Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas C.","family":"Hocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research (DZL),  Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Ruland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 17493 Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9787-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Witzenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research (DZL),  Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Lepenies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastian","family":"Opitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Lung Research (DZL),  Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(96)10041-X","article-title":"The Molecular Ecology of Legionellae","volume":"4","author":"Fields","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60078-2","article-title":"Legionnaires\u2019 Disease","volume":"387","author":"Cunha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70713-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Legionnaires\u2019 Disease","volume":"14","author":"Phin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1967","article-title":"The Legionella pneumophila Replication Vacuole: Making a Cozy Niche inside Host Cells","volume":"7","author":"Isberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.4.1319","article-title":"Formation of a Novel Phagosome by the Legionnaires\u2019 Disease Bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) in Human Monocytes","volume":"158","author":"Horwitz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100109-104034","article-title":"Modulation of Host Cell Function by Legionella pneumophila Type IV Effectors","volume":"26","author":"Hubber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100913-013439","article-title":"Bacterial Pathogen Manipulation of Host Membrane Trafficking","volume":"30","author":"Asrat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.10.004","article-title":"Innate Sensing and Cell-Autonomous Resistance Pathways in Legionella pneumophila Infection","volume":"308","author":"Naujoks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Moreno, J.S., Hamann, L., Shah, J.A., Verbon, A., Mockenhaupt, F.P., Puzianowska-Kuznicka, M., Naujoks, J., Sander, L.E., Witzenrath, M., and Cambier, J.C. (2018). The Common HAQ STING Variant Impairs CGAS-Dependent Antibacterial Responses and Is Associated with Susceptibility to Legionnaires\u2019 Disease in Humans. PLoS Pathog., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006829"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00109","article-title":"Innate Immunity to Legionella pneumophila","volume":"2","author":"Massis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.07.028","article-title":"Viewing Legionella pneumophila Pathogenesis through an Immunological Lens","volume":"431","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naujoks, J., Tabeling, C., Dill, B.D., Hoffmann, C., Brown, A.S., Kunze, M., Kempa, S., Peter, A., Mollenkopf, H.-J., and Dorhoi, A. (2016). IFNs Modify the Proteome of Legionella-Containing Vacuoles and Restrict Infection Via IRG1-Derived Itaconic Acid. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005408"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziltener, P., Reinheckel, T., and Oxenius, A. (2016). Neutrophil and Alveolar Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immune Control of Legionella pneumophila Lung Infection via TNF and ROS. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005591"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1086\/516530","article-title":"Antibody-Mediated Depletion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Impairs Pulmonary Host Defenses to Legionella pneumophila","volume":"176","author":"Skerrett","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1305","article-title":"The Birc1e Cytosolic Pattern-Recognition Receptor Contributes to the Detection and Control of Legionella pneumophila Infection","volume":"7","author":"Zamboni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051659","article-title":"Cytosolic Recognition of Flagellin by Mouse Macrophages Restricts Legionella pneumophila Infection","volume":"203","author":"Molofsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01646.x","article-title":"Dissection of a Type I Interferon Pathway in Controlling Bacterial Intracellular Infection in Mice: Role of Type I IFNs in L. pneumophila Infection","volume":"13","author":"Lippmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20170410","article-title":"Bacterial Glycans and Their Interactions with Lectins in the Innate Immune System","volume":"47","author":"Lepenies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101352","article-title":"Signaling by Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Homeostasis","volume":"30","author":"Sancho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0004-8","article-title":"C-Type Lectins in Immunity and Homeostasis","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535628","article-title":"Human MICL (CLEC12A) Is Differentially Glycosylated and Is down-Regulated Following Cellular Activation","volume":"36","author":"Marshall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.10.019","article-title":"From Structure to Function\u2014Ligand Recognition by Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors","volume":"20","author":"Fischer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738057","article-title":"Characterisation of Murine MICL (CLEC12A) and Evidence for an Endogenous Ligand","volume":"38","author":"Huysamen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206644","article-title":"MICL Controls Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"75","author":"Redelinghuys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03027-x","article-title":"Antibody Blockade of CLEC12A Delays EAE Onset and Attenuates Disease Severity by Impairing Myeloid Cell CNS Infiltration and Restoring Positive Immunity","volume":"7","author":"Sagar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.12.015","article-title":"Clec12a Is an Inhibitory Receptor for Uric Acid Crystals That Regulates Inflammation in Response to Cell Death","volume":"40","author":"Neumann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.06.015","article-title":"The C-Type Lectin Receptor CLEC12A Recognizes Plasmodial Hemozoin and Contributes to Cerebral Malaria Development","volume":"28","author":"Raulf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.05.045","article-title":"Integrated Genomics of Crohn\u2019s Disease Risk Variant Identifies a Role for CLEC12A in Antibacterial Autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Begun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2022.102294","article-title":"Mycobacterial Mycolic Acids Trigger Inhibitory Receptor Clec12A to Suppress Host Immune Responses","volume":"138","author":"Nishimura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.12.011","article-title":"A Platform to Screen for C-Type Lectin Receptor-Binding Carbohydrates and Their Potential for Cell-Specific Targeting and Immune Modulation","volume":"175","author":"Maglinao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00213","article-title":"C-Type Lectin Receptor (CLR)\u2013Fc Fusion Proteins As Tools to Screen for Novel CLR\/Bacteria Interactions: An Exemplary Study on Preselected Campylobacter Jejuni Isolates","volume":"9","author":"Mayer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202101117","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101117","article-title":"Genome Analysis of Legionella pneumophila ST23 from Various Countries Reveals Highly Similar Strains","volume":"5","author":"Ricci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00140","article-title":"A Point Mutation in the Active Site of Legionella pneumophila O-Acetyltransferase Results in Modified Lipopolysaccharide but Does Not Influence Virulence","volume":"291","author":"Freier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00252-13","article-title":"Induction of Rapid Cell Death by an Environmental Isolate of Legionella pneumophila in Mouse Macrophages","volume":"81","author":"Tao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-161-5_24","article-title":"Characterization of Legionella Lipopolysaccharide","volume":"Volume 954","author":"Buchrieser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Legionella"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.03.003","article-title":"C\/EBP\u03b1 Induces Highly Efficient Macrophage Transdifferentiation of B Lymphoma and Leukemia Cell Lines and Impairs Their Tumorigenicity","volume":"3","author":"Rapino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.01.012","article-title":"Human Monocytes Engage an Alternative Inflammasome Pathway","volume":"44","author":"Gaidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7519-8_4","article-title":"Modeling Primary Human Monocytes with the Trans\u2013Differentiation Cell Line BLaER1","volume":"Volume 1714","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innate Immune Activation"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821351116","article-title":"The Uric Acid Crystal Receptor Clec12A Potentiates Type I Interferon Responses","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00793-19","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00793-19","article-title":"Legionella pneumophila Excludes Autophagy Adaptors from the Ubiquitin-Labeled Vacuole in Which It Resides","volume":"88","author":"Omotade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227026","article-title":"The Legionella Effector RavZ Inhibits Host Autophagy Through Irreversible Atg8 Deconjugation","volume":"338","author":"Choy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabes, A., Zimmermann, S., Reppe, K., Lang, R., Seeberger, P.H., Suttorp, N., Witzenrath, M., Lepenies, B., and Opitz, B. (2015). The C-Type Lectin Receptor Mincle Binds to Streptococcus pneumoniae but Plays a Limited Role in the Anti-Pneumococcal Innate Immune Response. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117022"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behler-Janbeck, F., Takano, T., Maus, R., Stolper, J., Jonigk, D., Tort Tarr\u00e9s, M., Fuehner, T., Prasse, A., Welte, T., and Timmer, M.S.M. (2016). C-Type Lectin Mincle Recognizes Glucosyl-Diacylglycerol of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Pneumonia. PLoS Pathog., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006038"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, B., Chmiel, E., and Palusinska-Szysz, M. (2021). The Role of Lipids in Legionella-Host Interaction. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031487"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2874-3_11","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of Carbohydrate-Based Adjuvants","volume":"Volume 1331","author":"Lepenies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raulf, M.-K., Lepenies, B., and Strube, C. (2021). Toxocara Canis and Toxocara Cati Somatic and Excretory-Secretory Antigens Are Recognised by C-Type Lectin Receptors. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030321"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601953","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01953-2016","article-title":"Tyk2 as a Target for Immune Regulation in Human Viral\/Bacterial Pneumonia","volume":"50","author":"Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/4\/3891\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:36:08Z","timestamp":1760121368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/4\/3891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms24043891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043891","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]}}}