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Here, we hypothesized that peripubertal \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (aTHC) may affect the impact of prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) or perinatal THC (pTHC) exposure in adult rats. We found that MAM and pTHC-exposed rats, when compared to the control group (CNT), were characterized by adult phenotype relevant to schizophrenia, including social withdrawal and cognitive impairment, as revealed by social interaction test and novel object recognition test, respectively. At the molecular level, we observed an increase in cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) and\/or dopamine D2\/D3 receptor (Drd2, Drd3) gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of adult MAM or pTHC-exposed rats, which we attributed to changes in DNA methylation at key regulatory gene regions. Interestingly, aTHC treatment significantly impaired social behavior, but not cognitive performance in CNT groups. In pTHC rats, aTHC did not exacerbate the altered phenotype nor dopaminergic signaling, while it reversed cognitive deficit in MAM rats by modulating Drd2 and Drd3 gene expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that the effects of peripubertal THC exposure may depend on individual differences related to dopaminergic neurotransmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T04:47:24Z","timestamp":1676436444000},"page":"3907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Effects of Peripubertal THC Exposure in Neurodevelopmental Rat Models of Psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4266-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Di Bartolomeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8118-9914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Arturo","family":"Iannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1846-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Ruda-Kucerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8722-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Luca","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7616-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kuchar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolov\u00e1 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Laudani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Palivec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9343-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2159-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten T.","family":"Wotjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Nervous System Diseases Research (CNSDR), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Bucolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1490-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"},{"name":"Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Faculty of Medicine, Agricultural and Food Sciences, CRIUCPQ, INAF and Centre NUTRISS, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"D\u2019Addario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Micale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.084384","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"198","author":"Owen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. 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