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The cluster of differentiation (CD)146 marker, a surface-antigen of stem cells, is crucial for angiogenic and osseous differentiation abilities. Bone regeneration is accelerated by the transplantation of CD146-positive deciduous dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells contained in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) into a living donor. However, the role of CD146 in SHED remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of CD146 on cell proliferative and substrate metabolic abilities in a population of SHED. SHED was isolated from deciduous teeth, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of MSCs markers. Cell sorting was performed to recover the CD146-positive cell population (CD146+) and CD146-negative cell population (CD146-). CD146 + SHED without cell sorting and CD146-SHED were examined and compared among three groups. To investigate the effect of CD146 on cell proliferation ability, an analysis of cell proliferation ability was performed using BrdU assay and MTS assay. The bone differentiation ability was evaluated using an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) stain after inducing bone differentiation, and the quality of ALP protein expressed was examined. We also performed Alizarin red staining and evaluated the calcified deposits. The gene expression of ALP, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and osteocalcin (OCN) was analyzed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. There was no significant difference in cell proliferation among the three groups. The expression of ALP stain, Alizarin red stain, ALP, BMP-2, and OCN was the highest in the CD146+ group. CD146 + SHED had higher osteogenic differentiation potential compared with SHED and CD146-SHED. CD146 contained in SHED may be a valuable population of cells for bone regeneration therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T02:57:22Z","timestamp":1676602642000},"page":"4048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Bone Differentiation Ability of CD146-Positive Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-4957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Kunimatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kodai","family":"Rikitake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yoshimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Aisyah Rizky","family":"Putranti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Analysis Center of Life Science, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qi, J., Yu, T., Hu, B., Wu, H., and Ouyang, H. 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